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The two major virulence factors are present on two different mobile genetic elements, a bacteriophage containing the cholera toxin genes and a genomic island (\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) containing the intestinal adhesin genes. Non\u2010toxigenic\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n in the aquatic environment are a major source of novel\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n that allows the pathogen to morph via\n LGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In this study, we report a novel\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n from a non\u2010toxigenic\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n strain containing multiple genes involved in\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n repair including the recombination repair gene\n \n recA<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n that is 23% divergent from the indigenous\n \n recA<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and genes involved in the translesion synthesis pathway. This is the first report of a\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n containing the critical gene\n \n recA<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and the first report of a\n GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n that targets insertion into a specific site within\n \n recA<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . We show that possession of the island in\n \n E<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n scherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n is protective against\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n damage induced by\n UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010irradiation and\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n targeting antibiotics. This study highlights the importance of genetic elements such as\n GIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the evolution of\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n and emphasizes the importance of environmental strains as a source of novel\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n that can influence the pathogenicity of toxigenic strains.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T23:52:51Z","timestamp":1401321171000},"page":"1090-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A genomic island integrated into\n \n recA<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n of\n \n V<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n ibrio cholerae<\/i>\n contains a divergent\n \n recA<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n and provides multi\u2010pathway protection from\n DNA<\/scp>\n damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rita A.","family":"Rapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh G.","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Mutreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold W.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Labbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ithree Institute University of Technology PO Box 123 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.15.5.684"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00389-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00335-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 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