{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:30:20Z","timestamp":1790749820680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Arvalis, Institut du V\u00e9g\u00e9tal"},{"name":"BASF AG"},{"name":"Bayer Cropscience SAS"},{"name":"DuPont de Nemours"},{"name":"Syngenta AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n eptoria leaf blotch is mainly controlled by fungicides.\n \n Z<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ymoseptoria tritici<\/jats:italic>\n , which is responsible for this disease, displays strong adaptive capacity to fungicide challenge. It developed resistance to most fungicides due to target site modifications. Recently, isolated strains showed cross\u2010resistance to fungicides with unrelated modes of action, suggesting a resistance mechanism known as multidrug resistance (\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). We show enhanced prochloraz efflux, sensitive to the modulators amitryptiline and chlorpromazine, for two\n \n Z<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009tritici<\/jats:italic>\n strains, displaying an\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype in addition to the genotypes\n \n CYP<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \n 51\n I381V Y461H<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n or\n \n CYP<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \n 51\n I381V \u0394Y459\/<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n G460<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively, hereafter named\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6 and\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7. Efflux was also inhibited by verapamil in the\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7 strain.\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n sequencing lead to the identification of several transporter genes overexpressed in both\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n strains. The expression of the\n \n MgMFS<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:italic>\n gene was the strongest and constitutively high in\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n field strains. Its inactivation in the\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6 strain abolished resistance to fungicides with different modes of action supporting its involvement in\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n \n Z<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009tritici<\/jats:italic>\n . A 519\u2009bp insert in the\n \n MgMFS<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n 1<\/jats:italic>\n promoter was detected in half of the tested\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n field strains, but absent from sensitive field strains, suggesting that the insert is correlated with the observed\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n phenotype. Besides\n MgMfs<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1, other transporters and mutations may be involved in\n MDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n \n Z<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009tritici<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T03:04:38Z","timestamp":1422414278000},"page":"2805-2823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Fungicide efflux and the\n MgMFS<\/scp>\n 1 transporter contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype in\n \n Z<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n ymoseptoria tritici<\/i>\n field isolates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Selim","family":"Omrane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UR 1290 BIOGER\u2010CPP INRA Avenue Lucien Br\u00e9tigni\u00e8res F\u201078850 Thiverval\u2010Grignon 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