{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:11:26Z","timestamp":1791421886217,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["AI102584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI102584"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["S10-RR20939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10-RR20939"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Biofilm formation is crucial to the environmental survival and transmission of\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n , the facultative human pathogen responsible for the disease cholera. During its infectious cycle,\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n experiences fluctuations in temperature within the aquatic environment and during the transition between human host and aquatic reservoirs. In this study, we report that biofilm formation is induced at low temperatures through increased levels of the signalling molecule, cyclic diguanylate (c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Strains harbouring in frame deletions of all\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n genes that are predicted to encode diguanylate cyclases (\n DGCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) or phosphodiesterases (\n PDEs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were screened for their involvement in low\u2010temperature\u2010induced biofilm formation and\n \n V<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ibrio<\/jats:italic>\n polysaccharide gene expression. Of the 52 mutants tested, deletions of six\n DGCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n and three\n PDEs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were found to affect these phenotypes at low temperatures. Unlike wild type, a strain lacking all six\n DGCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n did not exhibit a low\u2010temperature\u2010dependent increase in c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , indicating that these\n DGCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n are required for temperature modulation of c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels. We also show that temperature modulates c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels in a similar fashion in the\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010negative pathogen\n \n P<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n seudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n but not in the\n G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ram\u2010positive pathogen\n \n L<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isteria monocytogenes.<\/jats:italic>\n This study uncovers the role of temperature in environmental regulation of biofilm formation and c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n signalling.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]],"date-time":"2015-02-13T05:34:39Z","timestamp":1423805679000},"page":"4290-4305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Temperature affects c\u2010di\u2010\n GMP<\/scp>\n signalling and biofilm formation in\n \n V<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n ibrio cholerae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Loni","family":"Townsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fitnat H.","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2849-2855.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.7.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.10.3600-3613.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00981-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00564-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0100236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a88af"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.075903-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237386100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/BR.39.3.232-256.1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae","volume":"62","author":"Faruque S.M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601277103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45990-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01569-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00466-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.040196-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.3.1049-1059.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85692-2","article-title":"\u03b2\u2010ketoacyl\u2010acyl carrier protein synthase II of Escherichia coli. 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