{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:55:05Z","timestamp":1791327305493,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We recently identified a hypervirulent strain of\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , differing significantly from the classical strains in that it lacks the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), a major determinant of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence. This new strain secretes a novel toxin, called ExlA, which induces plasma membrane rupture in host cells. For this study, we collected 18 other\n                    <jats:italic>exlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010positive T3SS\u2010negative strains, analyzed their main virulence factors and tested their toxicity in various models. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups. The strains were isolated on five continents from patients with various pathologies or in the environment. Their proteolytic activity and their motion abilities were highly different, as well as their capacity to infect epithelial, endothelial, fibroblastic and immune cells, which correlated directly with ExlA secretion levels. In contrast, their toxicity towards human erythrocytes was limited. Some strains were hypervirulent in a mouse pneumonia model and others on chicory leaves. We conclude that (i)\n                    <jats:italic>exlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010positive strains can colonize different habitats and may induce various infection types, (ii) the strains secreting significant amounts of ExlA are cytotoxic for most cell types but are poorly hemolytic, (iii) toxicity\n                    <jats:italic>in planta<\/jats:italic>\n                    does not correlate with ExlA secretion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T22:16:53Z","timestamp":1456438613000},"page":"3425-3439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Phenotype and toxicity of the recently discovered\n                    <i>exlA<\/i>\n                    \u2010positive\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    strains collected worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Emeline","family":"Reboud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"CNRS, ERL5261 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"CEA, iRTSV\u2010BCI 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1036 38000 Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Elsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"CNRS, ERL5261 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"CEA, iRTSV\u2010BCI 38000 Grenoble France"},{"name":"INSERM, U1036 38000 Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Bouillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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