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Surveys of adaptation to bile in\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ser. Tyhimurium reveal that active efflux is essential for adaptation while other bacterial functions involved in bile resistance are not. Among\n                    <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants lacking one or more efflux systems, only strains lacking AcrAB are unable to adapt, thus revealing an essential role for AcrAB. Transcription of the\n                    <jats:italic>acrAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon is upregulated in the presence of a sublethal concentration of sodium deoxycholate (DOC) while other efflux loci are either weakly upregulated or irresponsive. Upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>acrAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription is strong during exponential growth, and weak in stationary cultures. Single cell analysis of ethidium bromide accumulation indicates that DOC\u2010induced AcrAB\u2010mediated efflux occurs in both exponential and stationary cultures. Upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>acrAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression may thus be crucial at early stages of adaptation, while sustained AcrAB activity may be sufficient to confer bile resistance in nondividing cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T05:52:23Z","timestamp":1516341143000},"page":"1405-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Adaptation of\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    to bile: essential role of AcrAB\u2010mediated efflux"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Urdaneta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095 Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Casades\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095 Sevilla Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00096-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Applied Biosystems(2014) Real\u2010time PCR Handbook. 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