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However, little is known about how this pathogen adapts to living in the aqueous environment. We used transcriptome analysis (RNA\u2010seq) and transposon mutagenesis (TraDIS) to characterize these adaptive changes and identify multiple genes that contribute to survival. Over half of the genes in the\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi genome altered expression level within the first 24 h following transfer from broth culture to water, although relatively few did so in the first 30 min. Genes linked to central metabolism, stress associated with arrested proton motive force and respiratory chain factors changed expression levels. Additionally, motility and chemotaxis genes increased expression, consistent with a scavenging lifestyle. The viaB\u2010associated gene\n                    <jats:italic>tviC<\/jats:italic>\n                    encoding a glcNAc epimerase that is required for Vi polysaccharide biosynthesis was, along with several other genes, shown to contribute to survival in water. Thus, we define regulatory adaptation operating in\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi that facilitates survival in water.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,18]],"date-time":"2018-11-18T22:52:07Z","timestamp":1542581527000},"page":"4079-4090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Functional analysis of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Typhi adaptation to survival in water"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0194-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kingsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park  Norwich 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