{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:57:16Z","timestamp":1792025836946,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISF I-CORE","award":["152\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["152\/1"]}]},{"name":"Scoll Center for Water and Climate"},{"name":"Kekst Family Institute for Medical Genetics"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israeli Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["119\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["119\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A hallmark of the Gram\u2010positive bacteria, such as the soil\u2010dwelling bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is their cell wall. Here, we report that\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010leucine and flavomycin, biofilm inhibitors targeting the cell wall, activate the \u03b2\u2010lactamase PenP. This \u03b2\u2010lactamase contributes to ampicillin resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    under all conditions tested. In contrast, both Spo0A, a master regulator of nutritional stress, and the general cell wall stress response, differentially contribute to \u03b2\u2010lactam resistance under different conditions. To test whether \u03b2\u2010lactam resistance and \u03b2\u2010lactamase genes are widespread in other\n                    <jats:italic>Bacilli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we isolated\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species from undisturbed soils, and found that their genomes can encode up to five \u03b2\u2010lactamases with differentiated activity spectra. Surprisingly, the activity of environmental \u03b2\u2010lactamases and PenP, as well as the general stress response, resulted in a similarly reduced lag phase of the culture in the presence of \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics, with little or no impact on the logarithmic growth rate. The length of the lag phase may determine the outcome of the competition between \u03b2\u2010lactams and \u03b2\u2010lactamases producers. Overall, our work suggests that antibiotic resistance genes in\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and related species are ancient and widespread, and could be selected by interspecies competition in undisturbed soils.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T02:01:51Z","timestamp":1547431311000},"page":"1068-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["An active \u03b2\u2010lactamase is a part of an orchestrated cell wall stress resistance network of\n                    <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                    and related rhizosphere species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tabitha","family":"Bucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street  Rehovot, 76100 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alona","family":"Keren\u2010Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street  Rehovot, 76100 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Hausser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street  Rehovot, 76100 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsviya","family":"Olender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street  Rehovot, 76100 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Cytryn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil and Water and Environmental Sciences Volcani Research Center, 68 HaMakabim Road, 7505101  Rishon Lezion Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilana","family":"Kolodkin\u2010Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street  Rehovot, 76100 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1980.0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2760269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.01972.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7012(95)00090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191384198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.05020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"e54612","article-title":"Methodologies for Studying B. 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