{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1789669517809,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The pathogenic fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces melanin within its cell wall for infection and resistance against external stresses such as exposure to UV, temperature fluctuations and reactive oxygen species. It has been reported that melanin may also protect cells from ionizing radiation damage, against which\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    is extremely resistant. This has tagged melanin as a potential radioprotective biomaterial. Here, we report the effect of melanin on the transcriptomic response of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to gamma radiation. We did not observe a substantial protective effect of melanin against gamma radiation, and the general gene expression patterns in irradiated cells were independent of the presence of melanin. However, melanization itself dramatically altered the\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcriptome, primarily by repressing genes involved in respiration and cell growth. We suggest that, in addition to providing a physical and chemical barrier against external stresses, melanin production alters the transcriptional landscape of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the result of increased resistance to uncertain environmental conditions. This observation demonstrates the importance of the melanization process in understanding the stress response of\n                    <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and for understanding fungal physiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T08:41:29Z","timestamp":1549442489000},"page":"2613-2628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Transcriptomic analysis reveals the relationship of melanization to growth and resistance to gamma radiation in\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Schultzhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associate Naval Research Laboratory  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering Naval Research Laboratory  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seongwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering Naval Research Laboratory  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Shuryak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Radiological Research Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melody","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology  Alexandria VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6504-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering Naval Research Laboratory  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The relationship between growth and survival after irradiation of Escherichia coli strain B and two resistant mutants","volume":"22","author":"Alper 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