{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T20:21:13Z","timestamp":1769026873104,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GE1365\/1\u20102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GE1365\/1\u20102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GE1365\/2\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GE1365\/2\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Paenibacillus larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the causative agent of the notifiable epizootic American foulbrood, a fatal bacterial disease of honey bee larvae. The species\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been classified into four differentially virulent and prevalent genotypes (ERIC I\u2010IV), which also differ in their virulence factor equipment. Recently, a novel\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    toxin, the C3\u2010like C3larvin, has been described. Genome analysis now revealed that the C3larvin gene is actually a part of a toxin locus encompassing two genes encoding a binary AB toxin with the A subunit being C3larvin (C3larvinA) and a putative B subunit (C3larvinB) encoded by the second gene. Sequence and structural analyses demonstrated that C3larvinB is a homologue of the\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    protective antigen (PA), the B subunit of anthrax toxin. The C3larvinAB toxin locus was interrupted by point mutations in all analysed\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ERIC I and ERIC II strains. Only one\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ERIC III\/IV strain harboured an uninterrupted toxin locus comprising full\u2010length genes for C3larvinA and B. Exposure bioassays did not substantiate a role as virulence factor for C3larvinAB in\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ERIC I\/II. However, the PA homologue C3larvinB had an influence on the virulence of the unique\n                    <jats:italic>P. larvae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain expressing the functional C3larvinAB locus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T05:43:52Z","timestamp":1560318232000},"page":"3091-3106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The biological role of the enigmatic C3larvinAB toxin of the honey bee pathogenic bacterium\n                    <i>Paenibacillus larvae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research  16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Knispel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research  16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"F\u00fcnfhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research  16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-4530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Genersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases Institute for Bee Research  16540 Hohen Neuendorf Germany"},{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Fachbereich Veterin\u00e4rmedizin, Institut f\u00fcr Mikrobiologie und Tierseuchen  14163 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftv091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-004-0034-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2006028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-002-0626-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109167200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.3.373-402.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/21.2.379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(07)70002-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-35-3-296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(99)01540-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.1.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-87"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2011.00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2009.00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7551-7555.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63928-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20050082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(78)90035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2016.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.59.2.153-155.1950","article-title":"Bacillus pulvifaciens (n. sp.), an organism associated with powdery scale of honeybee larvae","volume":"59","author":"Katznelson H.","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00195-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.589846"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405405101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02010677"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Spiroplasma apis, a new species from the honey\u2010bee Apis mellifera","volume":"134","author":"Mouches C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq535"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.5147-5156.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.10.3472-3477.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01649-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.109563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","first-page":"1409","article-title":"A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships","volume":"38","author":"Sokal R.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Univ Kansas Sci Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence\u2010based polymerase chain reaction","volume":"5","author":"Versalovic J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90439-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00152-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142728"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00087-09"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1462-2920.14709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.14709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1462-2920.14709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.14709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:40:50Z","timestamp":1761874850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.14709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.14709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.14709","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2912","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}