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Here, we examined the population structure and genetic diversity of this major foodborne pathogen collected in Brazil. Based on core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), isolates from lineages I (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22; 63%) and II (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 13; 37%) were distributed into 10 different sublineages (SLs) and represented 31 new cgMLST types (CTs). The most prevalent SLs were SL9 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 9; 26%), SL3 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6; 17%) and SL2 and SL218 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 5; 14%). Isolates belonging to CTs L2\u2010SL9\u2010ST9\u2010CT4420 and L1\u2010SL315\u2010ST520\u2010CT4429 were collected 3 and 9\u2009years apart, respectively, revealing long\u2010term persistence of\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Brazil. Genetic elements associated with stress survival were present in 60% of isolates (57% SSI\u20101 and 3% SSI\u20102). Pathogenic islands were present in 100% (LIPI\u20101), 43% (LIPI\u20103) and 6% (LIPI\u20104) of the isolates. Mutations leading to premature stop codons were detected in the\n                    <jats:italic>prfA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence genes. This study is an important contribution to understanding the genomic diversity and epidemiology of\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    in South America. In addition, the results highlight the importance of using WGS to reveal\n                    <jats:italic>Lm<\/jats:italic>\n                    long\u2010term persistence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T12:48:37Z","timestamp":1561726117000},"page":"4478-4487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Whole\u2010genome sequencing reveals\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    diversity and allows identification of long\u2010term persistent strains in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson C.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa  Vi\u00e7osa Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0339-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Biology of Infection Unit  Paris France"},{"name":"Inserm U1117  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannetsy","family":"Avillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health Washington State University  Pullman WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Population Medicine Department University of Minnesota  St. Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7534-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelle P.","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5162-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinand","family":"Sreevatsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Call","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. 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