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We performed phagocytosis assays confronting various strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Lichtheimia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species with alveolar macrophages, which form the first line of defence of the innate immune system. To investigate 17 strains from four different continents in a comparative fashion, transmitted light and confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied in combination with automated image analysis. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the objective and quantitative processing of the big volume of image data. Applying machine\u2010learning supported methods, a spontaneous clustering of the strains was revealed in the space of phagocytic measures. This clustering was not driven by measures of fungal morphology but rather by the geographical origin of the fungal strains. Our study illustrates the crucial contribution of machine\u2010learning supported automated image analysis to the qualitative discovery and quantitative comparison of major factors affecting host\u2013pathogen interactions. We found that the phagocytic vulnerability of\n                    <jats:italic>Lichtheimia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species depends on their geographical origin, where strains within each geographic region behaved similarly, but strongly differed amongst the regions. Based on this clustering, we were able to also classify clinical isolates with regard to their potential geographical origin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1563800726000},"page":"4563-4581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The geographical region of origin determines the phagocytic vulnerability of\n                    <i>Lichtheimia<\/i>\n                    strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2439-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed I. Abdelwahab","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena Microbial Resource Collection Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Pests &amp; Plant Protection Department National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth St., 12622 Dokki  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Cseresnyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Systems Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naim","family":"Al\u2010Zaben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Applied Systems Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Martin","family":"Dahse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael J.","family":"Vilela de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Course in the Biology of Fungi Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s\/n  Recife Prince Edward Island Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grit","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jena Microbial Resource Collection Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc Thilo","family":"Figge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Applied Systems Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute  Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S10267-005-0244-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01744-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4961-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693781003713711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Density\u2010based clustering based on hierarchical density estimates","volume":"7819","author":"Campello R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Knowl Discov Data Min"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Graphical Methods for Data Analysis","author":"Chambers J.M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9562-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-8-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12673"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.458-460.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02094-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00573-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0035-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23653"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(83)90093-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Mycocladus vs. Lichtheimia, a correction (Lichtheimiaceae fam. 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