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Azoles are commonly used antifungal drugs, but they are also used as fungicides in agriculture, which may enable enrichment of azole\u2010resistant strains of the human pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the environment. Understanding of environmental dissemination and enrichment of genetic variation associated with azole resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is required to suppress resistant strains. Here, we focused on eight strains of azole\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from a single tulip bulb for sale in Japan. This set includes strains with TR\n                    <jats:sub>34<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/L98H\/T289A\/I364V\/G448S and TR\n                    <jats:sub>46<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Y121F\/T289A\/S363P\/I364V\/G448S mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>cyp51A<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, which showed higher tolerance to several azoles than strains harbouring TR\n                    <jats:sub>46<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Y121F\/T289A mutation. The strains were typed by microsatellite typing, single nucleotide polymorphism profiles, and mitochondrial and nuclear genome analyses. The strains grouped differently using each typing method, suggesting historical genetic recombination among the strains. Our data also revealed that some strains isolated from the tulip bulb showed tolerance to other classes of fungicides, such as QoI and carbendazim, followed by related amino acid alterations in the target proteins. Considering spatial\u2013temporal factors, plant bulbs are an excellent environmental niche for fungal strains to encounter partners, and to obtain and spread resistance\u2010associated mutations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T09:18:29Z","timestamp":1630401509000},"page":"5621-5638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intimate genetic relationships and fungicide resistance in multiple strains of\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                    isolated from a plant bulb"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5627-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Research Center Chiba University, 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana  Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108673 Japan"},{"name":"Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University, 1\u201033 Yayoi\u2010cho  Inage\u2010ku Chiba 263\u20108522 Japan"},{"name":"Plant Molecular Science Center Chiba University, 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana  Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108675 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayoko","family":"Oiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, 1\u20101\u20101 Tennodai  Tsukuba Ibaraki 305\u20108577 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Kusuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology Research Center Chiba University, 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana  Chuo\u2010ku Chiba 260\u20108673 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syun\u2010ichi","family":"Urayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University 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