{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:19:31Z","timestamp":1793107171595,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The fitness cost of antibiotic resistance is a crucial factor to determine the evolutionary and transmission success of resistant bacteria. Exploring the fitness cost and compensation mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria may effectively reduce the transmission of drug\u2010resistant genes in the environment. Engineered bacteria with the same genetic background that carry sulfonamide resistance gene were generated to explore the fitness cost of sulfonamide resistance gene in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . There were significant differences in the protein expression of the two\u2010component system pathway (\n                    <jats:italic>fliZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fliA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fliC<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>lrhA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), folate biosynthesis pathway (\n                    <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>sul3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), ABC transporter system (\n                    <jats:italic>ugpC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rbsA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>gsiA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and outer membrane pore protein OmpD through the comparative analysis of differential proteins compared to sensitive bacteria. Thus, we could speculate the possible fitness compensation mechanism. Finally, quantitative Real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) was used to verify the functions of some differential proteins at the transcriptional level. The fitness cost and compensatory evolution of antibiotic resistance are an essential part of bacterial evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T10:15:38Z","timestamp":1632392138000},"page":"7538-7549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Fitness cost and compensation mechanism of sulfonamide resistance genes (\n                    <i>sul1<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>sul2<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>sul3<\/i>\n                    ) in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yuqiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou 310035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou 310035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaeim","family":"Davood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou 310035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou 310035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6416-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daofeng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou 310035 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2319"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Synthesis of 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