{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:18:54Z","timestamp":1761869934230,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC\u2010CoG 646868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u2010CoG 646868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB\u20101555854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB\u20101555854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001742","name":"United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Advances in metagenomics have revealed the ubiquity of single\u2010stranded DNA (ssDNA) phage belonging to the subfamily\n                    <jats:italic>Gokushovirinae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the oceans; however, the abundance and ecological roles of this group are unknown. Here, we quantify gokushoviruses through adaptation of the polony method, in which viral template DNA is immobilized in a gel, amplified by PCR, and subsequently detected by hybridization. Primers and probes for this assay were designed based on PCR amplicon diversity of gokushovirus major capsid protein gene sequences from a depth profile in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea sampled in September 2015. At \u226595% identity, these 87 gokushovirus sequences formed 14 discrete clusters with the largest clades showing distinct depth distributions. The application of the polony method enabled the first quantification of gokushoviruses in any environment. The gokushoviruses were most abundant in the upper 40\u2009m of the stratified water column, with a subsurface peak in abundance of 1.26\u00a0\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    viruses ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . These findings suggest that discrete gokushovirus genotypes infect bacterial hosts that differentially partition in the water column. Since the designed primers and probe are conserved across marine ecosystems, this polony method can be applied broadly for the quantification of gokushoviruses throughout the global oceans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T05:40:59Z","timestamp":1633758059000},"page":"6622-6636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adaptation of the polony technique to quantify\n                    <i>Gokushovirinae<\/i>\n                    , a diverse group of single\u2010stranded\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    phage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie A.","family":"Sawaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Marine Science  Saint Petersburg FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nava","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa 3200003 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Mahank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Marine Science  Saint Petersburg FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4111-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind","family":"Varsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85287 USA"},{"name":"Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town 7925 South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0612-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debbie","family":"Lindell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa 3200003 Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3210-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mya","family":"Breitbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of South Florida College of Marine Science  Saint Petersburg FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2757-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0045-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microviridae","volume":"2","author":"Breitbart M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202488399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(98)00016-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.3.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ame01768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06580-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","article-title":"Ribosome\u2010linked mRNA\u2010rRNA chimeras reveal active novel virus host associations","author":"Ignacio\u2010Espinoza J.C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75490-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00289-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51599"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.4.999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1995.40.6.1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00436-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.24.e34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00752-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002531540601335X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","unstructured":"R Core Team(2020)R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.012955-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2010.090035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10872-007-0023-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01715-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vez013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.1.69-114.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2015.07.003"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:14:14Z","timestamp":1761869654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.15805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.15805","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1462-2912"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1462-2920"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}