{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:10:21Z","timestamp":1791288621066,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P32790\u2010B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P32790\u2010B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Co\u2010culturing the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Streptomyces rapamycinicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the ascomycete\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus nidulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    has previously been shown to trigger the production of orsellinic acid (ORS) and its derivates in the fungal cells. Based on these studies it was assumed that direct physical contact is a prerequisite for the metabolic reaction that involves a fungal amino acid starvation response and activating chromatin modifications at the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Here we show that not physical contact, but a guanidine containing macrolide, named polaramycin B, triggers the response. The substance is produced constitutively by the bacterium and above a certain concentration, provokes the production of ORS. In addition, several other secondary metabolites were induced by polaramycin B. Our genome\u2010wide transcriptome analysis showed that polaramycin B treatment causes downregulation of fungal genes necessary for membrane stability, general metabolism and growth. A compensatory genetic response can be observed in the fungus that included upregulation of BGCs and genes necessary for ribosome biogenesis, translation and membrane stability. Our work discovered a novel chemical communication, in which the antifungal bacterial metabolite polaramycin B leads to the production of antibacterial defence chemicals and to the upregulation of genes necessary to compensate for the cellular damage caused by polaramycin B.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T03:42:36Z","timestamp":1658115756000},"page":"4899-4914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polaramycin B, and not physical interaction, is the signal that rewires fungal metabolism in the Streptomyces\u2013Aspergillus interaction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)  Tulln\/Donau Austria"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Labuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)  Tulln\/Donau Austria"},{"name":"Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Maria","family":"Eppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentina","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3302-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sulyok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro\u2010Biotechnology Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro\u2010Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Gasparotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"},{"name":"Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Zehetbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-0536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Doppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agro\u2010Biotechnology Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro\u2010Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Gratzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)  Tulln\/Donau Austria"},{"name":"Department of Agro\u2010Biotechnology Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro\u2010Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna  Tulln\/Donau Austria"},{"name":"Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM)  Tulln\/Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-11-110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2006.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2916"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780600898029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.57.3.595-604.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0023-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4208-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.6b00398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo2010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120215-035203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.06.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"352","article-title":"Structure determination of new antifungal antibiotics, polaramycins A and B","volume":"32","author":"Meng W.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8120354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.8.12.2421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103523108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60408-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb200455u"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B904541D"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-016-1276-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901870106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Mode of action of azalomycin F. Effect of azalomycin F on Candida albicans","volume":"20","author":"Sugawara S.","year":"1967","journal-title":"The Journal of Antibiotics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02489-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140214"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16118","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:12:30Z","timestamp":1761887550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.16118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.04.490618","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2912","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}