{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:51:21Z","timestamp":1771660281585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Just when the world started to adapt to the \u2018new normal\u2019 amid the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, the world is witnessing the wrath of another viral disease, the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The virus is endemic to African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported in the past. However, the present cases have been reported in non\u2010endemic countries worldwide. Although MPX is considered to be a self\u2010limiting disease, recent reports on its incidence have proved otherwise. The 2022 multi\u2010country MPX outbreak has drawn the attention of global surveillance organizations and epidemiologists to trace its origin; however, there are existing gaps regarding the animal reservoirs, biological implications, and management of MPX. In view of the recent events, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also declared the ongoing MPX outbreak a global health emergency. Hence, the geographically expanding MPXV poses a significant threat to human health and public safety. In this review, the latest insights into the biology of MPXV have been provided by discussing its biological implications on human health, changing epidemiological footprint, and presently available intervention strategies. This review also sheds light on the existing lacunas and possible reasons that may have been responsible for the ongoing MPX outbreak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:24:26Z","timestamp":1660695866000},"page":"4547-4560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Insights into the monkeypox virus: Making of another pandemic within the pandemic?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5067-0641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jatin","family":"Chadha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Khullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Delhi South Campus  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Chhibber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kusum","family":"Harjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Panjab University  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02195-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1581"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003652"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed1010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"2022 Monkeypox outbreak global map","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Lab advisory: CDC publishes Monkeypox virus PCR testing procedure","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Monkeypox and smallpox vaccine guidance","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Vaccines","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Infection prevention and control of Monkeypox in healthcare settings","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15687"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.220292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00856-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.180248"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","unstructured":"DrugBank. (2022)Tecovirimat: Uses Interactions Mechanism of Action. Available at:https:\/\/go.drugbank.com\/drugs\/DB12020[Accessed 2nd August 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 18\u201321 July 2022","author":"EMA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"EMA recommends approval of Imvanex for the prevention of monkeypox disease","author":"EMA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.190076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","volume-title":"FDA approves first live, non\u2010replicating vaccine to prevent smallpox and monkeypox","author":"FDA","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human)","author":"FDA","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1610.100713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3534-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0055-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2016.12.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.9.4433-4443.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0967-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.03.994"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.005108-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01907-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.2.293"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"e26531","article-title":"Monkeypox: a comprehensive review of transmission, pathogenesis, and manifestation","volume":"14","author":"Kaler J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90748-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0171-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis510"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","unstructured":"Live Science. (2022)Monkeypox may have undergone accelerated evolution scientists say. Available at:https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/monkeypox-mutating-fast[Accessed 2nd August 2022]."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"Isolation and properties of the causal agent of a new variola\u2010like disease (monkeypox) in man","volume":"46","author":"Marennikova S.S.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2919-2921.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","volume-title":"Monkeypox","author":"Moore M.J.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1239_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7042168"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical and virological features of first human monkeypox cases in Germany","volume":"11","author":"Noe S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2006.131329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7122e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9120380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005769107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2651-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Recent advances in diagnostic testing for viral infections","volume":"9","author":"Souf S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioscience Horizons: The International Journal of Student Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2207323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.15.105.2515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.38.1800509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587668"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","volume-title":"Monkeypox","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","volume-title":"Multi\u2010country monkeypox outbreak: situation update","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","volume-title":"Second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) Emergency Committee regarding the multi\u2010country outbreak of monkeypox","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","volume-title":"Monkeypox \u2010 Nigeria","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30294-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191387"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:12:43Z","timestamp":1761887563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.16174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2912","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}