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Disturbance impacts are typically recorded using reef benthic cover, but this may be less reflective of other ecosystem processes. To explore the potential for reef water\u2010based disturbance indicators, we conducted a 7\u2010year time series on US Virgin Island reefs where we examined benthic cover and reef water nutrients and microorganisms from 2016 to 2022, which included two major disturbances: hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 and the stony coral tissue loss disease outbreak starting in 2020. The disease outbreak coincided with the largest changes in the benthic habitat, with increases in the percent cover of turf algae and\n                    <jats:italic>Ramicrusta<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an invasive alga. While sampling timepoint contributed most to changes in reef water nutrient composition and microbial community beta diversity, both disturbances led to increases in ammonium concentration, a mechanism likely contributing to observed microbial community shifts. We identified 10 microbial taxa that were sensitive and predictive of increasing ammonium concentration. This included the decline of the oligotrophic and photoautotrophic\n                    <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the enrichment of heterotrophic taxa. As disturbances impact reefs, the changing nutrient and microbial regimes may foster a type of microbialization, a process that hastens reef degradation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T02:00:06Z","timestamp":1712282406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microorganisms uniquely capture and predict stony coral tissue loss disease and hurricane disturbance impacts on\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Virgin Island reefs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7174-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT\u2010WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography\/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole  Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4957-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7584-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel K.","family":"Llopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5098-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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