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Despite their low energy\u2010yielding metabolism and intense competition with other microorganisms, their ability to thrive in natural habitats often lacking sufficient substrates remains an enigma. This study delves into how\n                    <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans<\/jats:italic>\n                    G20, a representative SRM, utilizes photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite (ZnS), a semiconducting mineral that often coexists with SRMs, for its metabolism and energy production. Batch experiments with sphalerite reveal that the initial rate and extent of sulphate reduction by G20 increased by 3.6 and 3.2 times respectively under light conditions compared to darkness, when lactate was not added. Analyses of microbial photoelectrochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data suggest that in the absence of lactate, G20 extracts photoelectrons from extracellular sphalerite through cytochromes, nanowires, and electron shuttles. Genes encoding movement and biofilm formation are upregulated, suggesting that G20 might sense redox potential gradients and migrate towards sphalerite to acquire photoelectrons. This process enhances the intracellular electron transfer activity, sulphur metabolism, and ATP production of G20, which becomes dominant under conditions of carbon starvation and extends cell viability in such environments. This mechanism could be a vital strategy for SRMs to survive in energy\u2010limited environments and contribute to sulphur cycling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:44:21Z","timestamp":1727743461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photoelectron\u2010promoted metabolism of sulphate\u2010reducing microorganisms in substrate\u2010depleted environments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2045-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mineral Environmental Function Peking University  Beijing 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