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In this study, we investigated the abundances of T4\u2010like and T7\u2010like cyanophages and the extent of picocyanobacterial infection in the cold, high\u2010nutrient\u2010low\u2010chlorophyll, sub\u2010Antarctic waters of the southwest Pacific Ocean during austral spring.\n                    <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the dominant picocyanobacterium, ranging from 4.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 1.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\u2219mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , while\n                    <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundances were relatively low overall, ranging from 1.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 3.9\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\u2219mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Using taxon\u2010specific, single\u2010virus and single\u2010cell polony methods, we found that cyanophages were on average 15\u2010fold, and up to 50\u2010fold, more abundant than cyanobacteria in these waters. T4\u2010like cyanophages (ranging from 1.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 6.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    phage\u00b7mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were 2.7\u2010fold more abundant than T7\u2010like cyanophages (ranging from 3.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 2.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    phage\u00b7mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Picocyanobacteria were primarily infected by T4\u2010like cyanophages with more\n                    <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (4.8%\u201312.1%) infected than\n                    <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2.5%\u20136.2%), whereas T7\u2010like cyanophages infected less than 1% of both genera. These infection levels translated to daily mortality in the range of 5.7%\u201326.2% and 2.9%\u201314.3% of the standing stock of\n                    <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Prochlorococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Our findings suggest that T4\u2010like cyanophages are significant agents of cyanobacterial mortality in the cold, low\u2010iron, sub\u2010Antarctic waters of the South Pacific Ocean.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T01:56:04Z","timestamp":1736560564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cold Surface Waters of the Sub\u2010Antarctic Pacific Ocean Support High Cyanophage Abundances and Infection Levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9985-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camelia","family":"Shopen Gochev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Demory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, USR 3579, Laboratoire de Biodiversit\u00e9 et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM) Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique  Banyuls\u2010sur\u2010Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Lopes dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C. 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