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NO is also a signal for transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding nitrite (Nir), nitric oxide (Nor) and nitrous oxide reductases (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    OR). We hypothesise that the timing and strength of the NO signal necessary for full\n                    <jats:italic>nir<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression are key factors in the bet\u2010hedging strategy of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Paracoccus denitrificans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and that systems scavenging NO under hypoxia reduce the probability of\n                    <jats:italic>nir<\/jats:italic>\n                    induction. We show that the flavohemoglobin Hmp scavenges NO in aerobic cultures and that\n                    <jats:italic>hmp<\/jats:italic>\n                    is regulated by an NsrR\u2010type repressor. Using a strain with an\n                    <jats:italic>mCherry\u2010nirS<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion, we found a clear, negative effect of Hmp on initial\n                    <jats:italic>nir<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>norCB<\/jats:italic>\n                    eliminated bet\u2010hedging, but the elevated NO levels in co\u2010cultures with the wild type did not abolish bet\u2010hedging in the wild type cells. Our results demonstrate clear roles for Hmp and Nor in regulating the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>nirS<\/jats:italic>\n                    through NO scavenging, while suggesting that the trigger for\n                    <jats:italic>nir<\/jats:italic>\n                    induction is not NO itself, but rather an intracellularly generated derivative. Our findings have important implications for understanding the regulatory network controlling the transition to anaerobic respiration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:14:12Z","timestamp":1742343252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Flavohemoglobin Hmp and Nitric Oxide Reductase Restrict Initial\n                    <i>nir<\/i>\n                    Expression in the Bet\u2010Hedging Denitrifier\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Paracoccus denitrificans<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    by Curtailing Hypoxic\n                    <scp>NO<\/scp>\n                    Signalling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricarda","family":"Kellermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Spiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences The University of Texas at Dallas  Richardson Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5100-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Bergaust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science Norwegian University of Life Sciences  \u00c5s Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00608-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.054148-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Regulatory Biology of Denitrification in Agrobacterium Tumefaciens and Paracoccus Denitrificans: Responses to Environmental Controllers","author":"Bergaust L. 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