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Little is known about its distribution and genetic diversity across different environments within the same geographical region. We conducted a large\u2010scale longitudinal study in southeastern Spain monitoring\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in untreated wastewater, ruminant farms, and natural environments over four seasons (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091490 samples,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009545 isolates) and in food and food\u2010processing environments (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097395 samples,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009255 isolates).\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were more abundant in host\u2010associated than natural environments, and non\u2010pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    were more prevalent than\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in both niches.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was detected in 42.7%, 11.4%, 4.2%, and 3.4% of wastewater, ruminant farms, natural environments, and food\u2010related samples, respectively. Hypervirulent lineage I accounted for 82.9% of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates from wastewater, ruminant farms, and natural environments, while lineage II represented 74.1% in food\u2010related samples. Among 255\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cgMLST types, 5% were shared across environments, demonstrating circulation between different environments. Persistent\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    clones were detected in food processing environments and ruminant farms. Our data suggest anthropogenic activities and livestock drive\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. dissemination. These results provide insights into the interactions of\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in the environment, improving surveillance strategies to reduce pathogen transmission, food contamination, and clinical cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T04:41:52Z","timestamp":1757306512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predominance of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>L. monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Lineage I Clones in Wastewater, Ruminants, and Natural Environments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yuval","family":"Markovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Listeria<\/i>: Biology and Infection Research Group (LisBio)  Valencia 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