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We compared several ambrosia fungal species with closely related non\u2010ambrosia species to investigate their metabolic capabilities, carbon\u2013nitrogen stoichiometry and uric acid catabolism. Ambrosia fungi displayed distinct but lineage\u2010specific metabolic features that were largely influenced by phylogeny. Although both groups shared overarching metabolic similarities, ambrosia fungi such as\n                    <jats:italic>Ambrosiella roeperi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ceratocystidaceae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Irpex subulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Irpicaceae) exhibited enriched amino acid biosynthesis pathways, especially for L\u2010histidine and L\u2010phenylalanine. Formaldehyde assimilation pathway was detected in ambrosia fungi, specifically\n                    <jats:italic>A. roeperi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ceratocystidaceae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Harringtonia lauricola<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ophiostomataceae), reflecting strategies for coping with volatile environments of stressed host trees. Elemental stoichiometry revealed elevated C:N ratios in ambrosia fungi, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>A. roeperi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>I. subulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , despite no significant differences in carbon or nitrogen when assessed independently. However, nitrogen content was not significantly enhanced, suggesting that nitrogen provisioning may not be conserved as an adaptive trait in ambrosia symbiosis. Similarly, fungal growth on uric acid as the sole nitrogen source did not differ between groups, indicating that nitrogen provisioning through recycling of beetle wastes may reflect lineage\u2010specific patterns rather than a convergent trait across ambrosia fungi.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:28:20Z","timestamp":1778570900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic and Elemental Stoichiometric Analyses in Ambrosia Fungi Reveal Lineage\u2010Specific Strategies in Symbiotic Associations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1673-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled Abdrabo El\u2010Sayid","family":"Abdrabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Assiut University  Assiut Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Forestry National Pingtung University of Science and Technology  Pingtung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8150-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin\u2010Tse","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences National Cheng Kung University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/63.1.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.60.1.44\u201069.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/en14045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/177108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744\u20107917.12697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3626545"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013\u20108746(2006)099[0189:ecofaw]2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/022.038.0417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107758108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010011019\u2010024910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-91441-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102435.2008.01442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010010814\u2010020822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Wood: 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