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Yet, how glacier\u2010originating microbes contribute to downstream communities across the GFS continuum and over the melt season remains poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we integrated spatial and temporal sampling to characterise bacterial communities along the hydrologic continuum of the Longxiazailongba (LXZLB) Glacier in the Tanggula Mountains, spanning supraglacial, glacier terminal and proglacial streams. Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Actinobacteria dominated communities. Bacterial diversity varied along the continuum, with higher alpha diversity in proglacial than in supraglacial and glacier terminal waters, driven by environmental variables including water temperature, pH and conductivity. Glacier\u2010originating bacteria accounted for a substantial proportion of downstream communities but declined in relative contribution with distance from the glacier. Melt\u2010season variability modulated the downstream representation of glacier\u2010originating ASVs, reflecting changes in meltwater\u2010driven hydrologic connectivity and transport intensity. Taxa exhibiting distinct downstream distributions responded differently to environmental gradients, leading to shifts in community structure along the stream. These findings indicate that spatial environmental gradients and melt\u2010season hydrologic variability jointly shape the downstream contribution and persistence of glacier\u2010originating bacteria, with implications for how continued glacier retreat may restructure microbial communities downstream.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:36:27Z","timestamp":1782952587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial and Melt\u2010Season Controls on the Downstream Contribution and Persistence of Glacier\u2010Originating Bacteria Along a Glacier\u2010Fed Stream Continuum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9642-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiongqiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology, Lanzhou University  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