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The leafhopper\n                    <jats:italic>Scaphoideus titanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a phloem\u2010feeding insect known to be the primary vector of Flavescence dor\u00e9e phytoplasma, harbours two primary endosymbionts: the bacterium \u2018\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Karelsulcia muelleri\u2019 and a yeast\u2010like symbiont (YLS). While most studies on insect\u2010associated microorganisms have focused on obligate bacterial symbionts, fungal endosymbionts, although documented for almost a century, are only now gaining renewed attention for their evolutionary and ecological significance. In this study, we integrated genomic and proteomic data with phylogenetic analyses to elucidate the functional and evolutionary features of the YLS associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. titanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Using a data\u2010independent proteomic approach supported by a newly sequenced symbiont genome, we defined the proteins expressed by the YLS that may contribute to host physiology. Comparative analyses across the five currently available YLS genomes enabled a proteome\u2010wide phylogenetic reconstruction within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Ophiocordyceps<\/jats:italic>\n                    , refining the evolutionary placement of these symbioses. Finally, large\u2010scale mining of NCBI transcriptomic Sequence Read Archive datasets using a novel computational workflow, combined with an extensive literature survey, identified several new candidate insect hosts and provided a comprehensive inventory of species harbouring these fungal partners.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:21:42Z","timestamp":1783041702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Omics Profiling of the\n                    <i>Scaphoideus titanus<\/i>\n                    Yeast\u2010Like Symbiont Guides the Bioinformatic Discovery of Related Fungal Symbioses in Insects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Abb\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP\u2010CNR  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1465-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Vallino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP\u2010CNR  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6295-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cicerone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP\u2010CNR  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino  Grugliasco Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Cirrincione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISPA\u2010CNR  Grugliasco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4774-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Aiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISPA\u2010CNR  Grugliasco Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Galetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP\u2010CNR  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8475-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP\u2010CNR  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.866523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30920-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-022-02823-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16366-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toad027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2012.02006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-017-0932-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evt118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0081-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2996-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6743907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01741-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1108975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chikhi R. 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