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While aerobic bacteria employ O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010dependent oxygenases to overcome the high energy barrier, anaerobic benzene degradation remains enigmatic. Here we achieve an anaerobic enrichment, which is clonal with respect to the benzene\u2010degrading, sulphate\u2010reducing, marine bacterium BzS1, from a previously reported enrichment culture. We investigate this clonal enrichment culture by metabolite and proteogenomic analyses. BzS1 has a tailor\u2010made catabolic network for utilising benzene, toluene, and acetate. Concerning the initial reaction of anaerobic benzene degradation, labelling experiments render previously suggested direct carboxylation (to benzoate) or methylation (to toluene) unlikely. Accordingly, a benzoate\u2010CoA ligase is not encoded in the genome and proteins of anaerobic toluene degradation are not detectable in benzene\u2010utilising cells. Rather, detection of labelled 3\u2010phenylpropanoate hints at addition of benzene to a C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010cosubstrate. Moreover, a presumptively heterotrimeric flavoprotein is present at remarkably high abundance (~\u2155 of covered proteome) during anaerobic growth with benzene. This protein is related to glycolate oxidase and flavoproteins of the VOA\/PCMH family. Taken together, these findings open the possibility of considering flavin cofactor involvement for the initial reaction using, for example, enolpyruvate (central metabolite) or glutaconyl\u2010CoA (intermediate of benzoyl\u2010CoA pathway) as cosubstrate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1785301452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Putative Mechanisms for Initial Reaction of Anaerobic Benzene Degradation Presumably Involving a Flavoprotein"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4240-3495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Musat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology  Bremen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus 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von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck\u2010Genome\u2010Centre Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Amann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Widdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg  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