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However, in the filamentous\n                    <jats:italic>Trichodesmium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , technical limitations and conflicting results have so far prevented a consensus on the separation mechanism. Here, we specifically adapted single\u2010cell methods for simultaneously capturing both photosynthesis and N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fixation at the levels of gene expression, fixation and transport of carbon and nitrogen. Testing expression of\n                    <jats:italic>nifH<\/jats:italic>\n                    (nitrogenase) and\n                    <jats:italic>psbA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (photosystem II), we found that about half of the cells exclusively expressed either one of the genes at a given time, with\n                    <jats:italic>nifH<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression mostly in stretches of several consecutive cells within a filament. Short (30\u2009min) stable isotope labelling enabled us to capture 25% of cells in a stage where they fixed nitrogen but not carbon. Lugol staining suggests that low O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels in these cells were maintained by glycogen respiration. Half of the cells received freshly fixed nitrogen within 30\u2009min, most likely by rapid intercellular transport. Taken together, our findings suggest that single\u2010cell regulation of gene expression in combination with rapid intercellular transport of freshly fixed nitrogen as well as glycogen respiration facilitate the separation of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fixation and photosynthesis in\n                    <jats:italic>Trichodesmium<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:33:16Z","timestamp":1787884396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Regulation of\n                    <scp>\n                      N\n                      <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Fixation and Photosynthesis in\n                    <i>Trichodesmium<\/i>\n                    : New Insights From\n                    <scp>mRNA CARD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>FISH<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>nanoSIMS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8826-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Adams","family":"Rebeca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photosynthesis Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech  T\u0159ebo\u0148 Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hania","family":"Anxhela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photosynthesis Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech  T\u0159ebo\u0148 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4488-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0161kov\u00e1","family":"Ane\u017eka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photosynthesis Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech  T\u0159ebo\u0148 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kienhuis","family":"Michiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piwosz","family":"Kasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology National Marine Fisheries Research Institute  Gdynia Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0012-4359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pr\u00e1\u0161il","family":"Ond\u0159ej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Photosynthesis Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech  T\u0159ebo\u0148 Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice  \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czech 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