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Detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in symbiosis with\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes has relied on PCR amplification of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes and\/or Sanger and Illumina sequencing. This study assesses Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which could facilitate screening for symbiosis with wild\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes in endemic settings. We used 46 samples; 10 were pooled for a single MinION flow cell run and the rest processed individually using Flongle flow cells, comparing three mosquito species with three kit combinations. Using the ONT Field sequencing kit, there were 13X more\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    reads in\n                    <jats:italic>An. demeilloni<\/jats:italic>\n                    (genuine symbiosis) than\n                    <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (no evidence of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The ONT 16S barcoding kit and Rapid barcoding kit were then assessed using more economical Flongle flow cells.\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    was successfully identified in\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>demeilloni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>An. moucheti<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not in\n                    <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study demonstrates the feasibility of ONT for field\u2010based detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1790818721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Use of Oxford Nanopore Technologies Sequencing for Detection of Stable\n                    <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                    Bacterial Strain in Symbiosis in Wild\n                    <i>Anopheles<\/i>\n                    Mosquitoes From the\n                    <scp>WHO<\/scp>\n                    African 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