{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:52:21Z","timestamp":1791355941291,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004795","name":"Institut Universitaire de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microsporidia are highly diverse, widespread parasites related to fungi and several groups of zoosporic protistan parasites. They infect a broad range of hosts, from protists to vertebrates, in many environments including most, if not all, aquatic habitats. Their genomes range from relatively conventional to highly reduced, yet they share key cellular structures and traits underlying infection and host association. Overall microsporidian diversity, including both \u2018long\u2010branched\u2019 and \u2018short\u2010branched\u2019 lineages, is poorly sampled; their environmental diversity and host range remain therefore largely unexplored. Although short sequences are often insufficient to distinguish between species, recent targeted metabarcoding studies have revealed unexpectedly high microsporidian diversity in both oceanic and lacustrine ecosystems, along with significant spatial and temporal variation. These studies have also identified several previously unrecognized hosts, including heterotrophic protists, phytoplankton and microzooplankton, all key components of the base of aquatic food webs. These findings suggest that Microsporidia, like other parasitic groups, may strongly influence the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. We therefore advocate increased research on Microsporidia across aquatic habitats. Integrative research combining phylogenomics, long\u2010read sequencing and ecology studies will be essential to fully characterize their diversity, host associations and ecological impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:21:55Z","timestamp":1791256915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In the World of Aquatic Parasites, Microsporidia Matter!"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6380-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Chauvet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: G\u00e9nome et Environnement Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne  Clermont\u2010Ferrand Auvergne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3301-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Combes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: G\u00e9nome et Environnement Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne  Clermont\u2010Ferrand Auvergne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)  Weymouth Dorset UK"},{"name":"Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences University of Exeter  Exeter UK"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4767-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Lep\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: G\u00e9nome et Environnement Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne  Clermont\u2010Ferrand Auvergne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycae014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2011.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2022.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93306-7_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-025-02642-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2025.108487"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385876-4.00017-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.18658.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Chauvet M.2022.\u201cDiversit\u00e9 et R\u00f4le \u00c9cologique des Microsporidies Dans les \u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes Aquatiques.\u201dPhD thesis.https:\/\/theses.fr\/2022UCFAC057."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-022-02023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.70305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93306-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5055-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06623-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3838-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fix023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatise on Zoology\u2014Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology: The Gregarines","volume":"1","author":"Desportes I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Treatise Zool\u2014Anat Taxon Biol Gregarines"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-020-01657-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Ecology, Epidemiology, and Evolution of Parasitism in Daphnia","author":"Ebert D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1584-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017569004998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2024.126119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.881018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410442111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"The Function and Structure of the Microsporidia Polar Tube","volume":"114","author":"Han B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Experimentelle Supplemente 2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-022-01838-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.11631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03669-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03681-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00028413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2014.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.02023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"Genomic Survey of a Hyperparasitic Microsporidian Amphiamblys sp. (Metchnikovellidae)","volume":"9","author":"Mikhailov K. V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.2404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01490-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2406276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21685\/1680-0826-2016-10-4-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.49.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022000452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3571-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-020-01719-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-011-9487-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/61771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Diversity of Metchnikovellids (Metchnikovellidae, Rudimicrosporea), Hyperparasites of Bristle Worms (Annelida, Polychaeta) From the White Sea","volume":"9","author":"Rotari Y. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Protistology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01313-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017002256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2019.107279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2012-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06254-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Advances in Parasitology","author":"V\u00e1vra J.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2005.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118395264.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-93306-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5586\/am.2013.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000633"}],"container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.70439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1462-2920.70439","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1462-2920.70439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:22:50Z","timestamp":1791354170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.70439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1462-2920.70439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.70439","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-2912","1462-2920"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-2912","type":"print"},{"value":"1462-2920","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70439"}}