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Here we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and KEGG module completion analysis to compare the biosynthetic potential of the gut microbiome with that of the host genome in juvenile chum salmon (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Oncorhynchus keta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) at 35\u2009days posthatching, when exogenous feeding begins. Because small juvenile guts yield low microbial biomass and a high proportion of host DNA, we first optimized a protocol combining enzymatic lysis with NEBNext\u2010based host DNA depletion. This raised the bacterial sequence fraction from 11.3% to 41.2% and increased the number of KEGG Orthology identifiers mapped to modules from 1128 to 1532. Module Completion Ratio analysis revealed complementation in functional potential: the chum salmon genome was incomplete for\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    biosynthesis of essential amino acids (threonine, leucine, valine\/isoleucine, lysine) and B\u2010vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, biotin), whereas the gut metagenome encoded complete or near\u2010complete modules for these pathways. Sequences assigned to\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010like,\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages contributed most. These observations indicate that the gut microbiome encodes biosynthetic potential the host genome lacks, although demonstrating a nutritional benefit to the host will require experimental manipulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:37:46Z","timestamp":1792132666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional Metagenomics Reveals Gut Microbial Biosynthetic Potential for Essential Nutrients in Juvenile Chum Salmon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8864-9423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subrata Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Fishing and Post\u2010Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University  Chattogram Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8603-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai A.","family":"Wassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Genetics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marty Kwok\u2010Shing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo  Kashiwa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Hyodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmosphere and Ocean Research 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