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Ammonia\u2010oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) play key roles in regulating nitrogen availability for organic carbon accumulation and plant colonization. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms governing these successional shifts and their functional consequences for nitrification potential remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated soil physicochemical and nitrification potential measurements with a multi\u2010omics approach (qPCR, amplicon and metagenomic sequencing) across four successional stages at the Kuoqionggangri Glacier forefield, Tibetan Plateau. Results revealed a shift from ammonia\u2010oxidizing bacteria (AOB, primarily\n                    <jats:italic>Nitrosospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) dominance in barren ground to ammonia\u2010oxidizing archaea (AOA, Nitrososphaerales) dominance in meadows, driven by environmental filtering (lowered pH, increased moisture, carbon, nitrogen). Additionally, metagenomic binning showed that AOA possessed broad metabolic capacities for cycling carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus. This metabolic versatility conferred a superior adaptive advantage, driving AOA dominance and a corresponding increase in nitrification potential. Furthermore, elevated nitrification potential was jointly driven by shifts in the AOM community and environmental variables. These findings suggest that environmental filtering and AOA metabolic versatility contribute to AOA success in late\u2010successional soils, establishing a dual\u2010mechanism framework for nitrification dynamics during proglacial ecosystem succession.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:21:35Z","timestamp":1791854495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolic Versatility Drives the Late\u2010Successional Dominance of Ammonia\u2010Oxidizing Archaea in Retreating Glacier Soils"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8111-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saifei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pan\u2010Third Pole Environment Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Chayu Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Xizang Autonomous Region  Xizang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pan\u2010Third Pole Biogeochemical Cycling  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pan\u2010Third Pole Environment Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Chayu Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Xizang Autonomous Region  Xizang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pan\u2010Third Pole Biogeochemical Cycling  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pan\u2010Third Pole Environment Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Chayu Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Xizang Autonomous Region  Xizang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pan\u2010Third Pole Biogeochemical Cycling  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3404-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pan\u2010Third Pole Environment Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Chayu Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Xizang Autonomous Region  Xizang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pan\u2010Third Pole Biogeochemical Cycling  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8139-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pan\u2010Third Pole Environment Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"},{"name":"Chayu Integrated Observation and Research Station of the Xizang Autonomous Region  Xizang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pan\u2010Third Pole Biogeochemical Cycling  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiding","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201003861\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533\u2010012\u20109761\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010023\u201006302\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wraf062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402518111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/tc\u201017\u20103987\u20102023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038\u20100717(00)00247\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.13748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.976618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506625102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300\u2010024\u201003307\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1130298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300\u2010015\u20101829\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201023084\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010018\u20100526\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7287\/peerj.preprints.27522v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.605176"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2022.116135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104\u2010026\u201008305\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904623116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203\u2010001\u20100369\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.186072.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14084787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11769343241240558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.12.4704\u20104712.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c5ew00273g"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2024.105831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02470\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.128632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.117477"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2024.107289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568\u2010017\u20100426\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2017.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010023\u201007041\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168\u2010026\u201002351\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2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