{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:46:43Z","timestamp":1791856003403,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025YFE0122400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFE0122400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Long\u2010term fertilisation alters nitrous oxide (N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O) emissions from paddy soils, but its effects on the ecological roles of distinct N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\u2010reducing clades remain unclear. Here, we investigated Clade I and Clade II N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O reducers using a 20\u2010year field experiment with unfertilized control (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), and organic fertilizer (OF) treatments. Clade II dominated the community, accounting for 72.4% of\n nosZ<\/jats:italic>\n reads and 83.3% of recovered\n nosZ<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010containing draft metagenome\u2010assembled genomes (MAGs), and was enriched in carbohydrate\u2010active enzyme (CAZy) genes. However, Clade I abundance explained more variation in soil N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O reduction potential than Clade II (R\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.38 vs. 0.28). Structural equation modelling showed that fertilisation enhanced soil carbon and nitrogen status, which strongly promoted Clade I abundance (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.90). Clade I fully mediated fertilisation effects on N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O reduction potential, whereas Clade II showed only partial mediation. The two clades also exhibited contrasting vertical distributions: Clade I was relatively uniform throughout the soil profile, while Clade II displayed niche stratification, with different taxa dominating surface, middle, and deep layers. These results suggest distinct ecological strategies of the two N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\u2010reducing clades and long\u2010term fertilisation differentially influences their distribution and contribution to the N\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O sink function of rice paddy soils during the period examined.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.70452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:01:01Z","timestamp":1791853261000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Fertilisation Shapes the Distribution and\n \n N\n 2<\/sub>\n O\n <\/scp>\n Reduction Potential of Clade I and Clade\n \n II N\n 2<\/sub>\n O\n <\/scp>\n Reducers Along the Soil Profile in Rice Paddies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongling","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1550-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"D517","article-title":"CARD 2020: Antibiotic Resistome Surveillance With the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"48","author":"Alcock B. 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R. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.12.5488-5491.2000","article-title":"Rapid Method for Coextraction of DNA and RNA From Natural Environments for Analysis of Ribosomal DNA\u2010 and rRNA\u2010Based Microbial Community Composition","volume":"66","author":"Griffiths R. I.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.07.003","article-title":"Genomics and Ecology of Novel N2O\u2010Reducing Microorganisms","volume":"26","author":"Hallin S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: Improving the Ultrafast Bootstrap Approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang D. 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