{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1791351823334,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]],"date-time":"2003-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1307,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism has received support from most studies of older people with autism; however, studies of young children have produced mixed results. Two studies are presented that compare the performance of preschoolers with autism (mean = 51 months\/4.3 years of age) to a control group matched on age, and verbal and nonverbal ability. The first study (n = 18 autism and 17 control) found no group differences in performance on 8 executive function tasks (A not B, Object Retrieval, A not B with Invisible Displacement, 3-Boxes Stationary and Scrambled, 6-Boxes Stationary and Scrambled, and Spatial Reversal), but did find that children with autism initiated fewer joint attention and social interaction behaviors. The second (longitudinal) study of a subset of the children (n = 13 autism and 11 control) from the first study found that neither groups' performance on Spatial Reversal changed significantly over the course of a year. The results of these studies pose a serious challenge to the executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T04:13:55Z","timestamp":1047356035000},"page":"817-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":272,"title":["Executive Functions in Young Children with Autism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"Griffith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Denver , Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce F","family":"Pennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver , Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Wehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Health Sciences Center , Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally J","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Health Sciences Center , Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]]},"container-title":["Child Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1467-8624.00059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article-pdf\/70\/4\/817\/64643167\/1467-8624.00059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article-pdf\/70\/4\/817\/64643167\/1467-8624.00059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T22:10:03Z","timestamp":1767996603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/chidev\/article\/70\/4\/817\/8284316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-3920","1467-8624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-3920","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-01-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}