{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:03:36Z","timestamp":1768028616051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scandinavian J Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study reports results from a study of the self\u2010reported fears of identical twins and their spouses and offspring. Factor analysis with oblique rotation of questionnaire responses yielded four correlated fear dimensions: situational fears, illness\u2013injury fears, social fears, and fear of small animals. Models allowing for genetic and cultural transmission, together with specially correlated environments for twins, were fitted, both for separate fears and across fears. Simple models with only genetic and uncorrelated environments were sufficient to account for each the fear dimensions considered separately. The cross\u2010dimensional analyses revealed a genetic and an environmental factor common to the four fear dimensions, together with fear\u2010specific genetic and environmental factors. The impact of the common genetic and common environmental factor varied across dimensions. No evidence of cultural transmission or specially correlated twin environments of the cross\u2010dimensional environments was detected. It is concluded that both common and fear\u2010specific genes and (individual\u2010specific) common and fear\u2010specific environments are necessary to account for the data. The results are discussed in terms of the prepared learning hypothesis and the expectancy bias hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.00326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,29]],"date-time":"2004-12-29T14:34:00Z","timestamp":1104330840000},"page":"97-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Genetic and environmental causes of the interrelationships between self\u2010reported fears. A study of a non\u2010clinical sample of Norwegian identical twins and their families"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jon Martin","family":"Sundet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingunn","family":"Skre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan J.","family":"Okkenhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Tambs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(91)90014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Social learning theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(89)90023-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01428.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(92)90010-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00038498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(65)90040-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0460-64"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.3.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/314734a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"608","article-title":"Effects of instruction on acquisition and extinction of electrodermal response to fear\u2010relevant stimuli","volume":"3","author":"Hugdahl K.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"LISREL 8 User's reference guide","author":"J\u00f6reskog K. 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