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Informed by medical sociological literature on the social construction of illness, science and technology studies, and risk and disaster literature, we create a conceptual framework for connecting health and crisis. Our investigation of the WNV analyses PHEs as brief, but vitally important, moments in which a \u2018crisis\u2019 is co\u2010constructed between states, affected populations and disease vectors. In these moments of crisis new interventions are enacted, which have long\u2010term effects for institutional structures and disease management. Using extensive qualitative data collection, we conceptualise two mechanisms that underlie the declaration of PHEs and the expansion of related \u2018emergencies\u2019 across space and time: (i) crisis interventions that have the potential to marginalise the interaction of citizens with state institutions and (ii) institutional rearrangement of state agencies stemming from the original crisis issue, resulting in altered networks and institutional practices and drawing heavily upon the crisis as a symbol of similar, future public health threats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,22]],"date-time":"2012-12-22T03:16:02Z","timestamp":1356146162000},"page":"268-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The making of public health emergencies: West Nile virus in New York City"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822386735-013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","article-title":"NASA technology helps predict and prevent future pandemic outbreaks","author":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","year":"2007","journal-title":"ScienceDaily"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"845","article-title":"Outbreak of West Nile\u2010like viral encephalitis: New York, 1999","volume":"48","author":"Asnis D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313737"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000397560500007X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy, and Focusing Events","author":"Birkland T.A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00139157.1993.9929114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2626956"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.2.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.651"},{"issue":"100","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"28522","article-title":"Applied Research in Emerging Infections Investigations of West Nile Virus; Notice of Availability of Funds","volume":"66","author":"Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers","author":"Douglas M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency(n.d.) 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