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The less knowledge we have, the larger the space for the cultural imprint becomes. Based on these assumptions, we ask: how have medical constructions of long\u2010term exhaustion changed over time, and how are changing constructions related to societal change? To discuss these questions we conducted a comparative study of medical texts from two historical periods: 1860\u20131930 and 1970\u20132013. Our data are limited to two diagnoses: neurasthenia and encephalomyelitis. After comparing the two periods by identifying diverging and converging aspects, we interpreted observed continuities and interruptions in relation to historical developments. We found that in the medical literature, long\u2010term exhaustion became transformed from a somatic ailment bred by modern civilisation to a self\u2010inflicted psychiatric ailment. At the same time, it changed from being a male\u2010connoted high\u2010status condition to a female\u2010connoted low\u2010status condition. We interpret these changes as contingent upon culturally available modes of interpretations. Medical knowledge thereby becomes infused with cultural norms and values which give them a distinct cultural bias. The historical controversies surrounding this medically contested condition neatly display the socially contingent factors that govern the social construction of medical knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,25]],"date-time":"2015-04-25T01:03:21Z","timestamp":1429923801000},"page":"920-935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Medical constructions of long\u2010term exhaustion, past and present"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Olaug S.","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine University of Troms\u00f8 \u2010 The Arctic University of Norway Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Bondevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Historical Sociology","author":"Abrams P.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Women's Health and Social Change","author":"Annandale E.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(56)91252-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11347516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Making Sense of Illness. 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