{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:49:17Z","timestamp":1759513757016,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sociology Health &amp; Illness"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article I examine the advancement of therapeutic penality in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, a penal philosophy that reimagines prison policy, practices and environments utilising psychological knowledge. Adopting a historical approach, I show how modern therapeutic penality is linked to the emergence of personality science in the nineteenth century and the development of the democratic therapeutic community (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTC<\/jats:styled-content>) model in the twentieth century. I outline how at the turn of the twenty\u2010first century a catalytic event generated a moral panic that led the British government to mobilise psychological knowledge and technologies in an attempt to manage dangerous people with severe personality disorder. Tracing subsequent developments, I argue psychological ways of talking, thinking and acting have obtained unparalleled salience in domains of penality and, in turn, radically transformed the conditions of imprisonment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T11:22:40Z","timestamp":1498216960000},"page":"1258-1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["On the advancement of therapeutic penality: therapeutic authority, personality science and the therapeutic community"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ruari\u2010Santiago","family":"McBride","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Witwatersrand South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"APA(2000)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(4th ed. text rev.).Washington DC:American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"BBC(1999a)Psychopaths: the reaction BBC News 19 July. Available at:http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/398046.stm(Last accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"BBC(1999b)A therapeutic approach to crime BBC News 15 February. Available at:http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/279972.stm(Last accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.4.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.1986.tb00303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.1982.tb00254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6352.001.0001","volume-title":"Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences","author":"Bowker G.C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9783\/9781512819748-005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06962-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11343071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.7.5.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00002-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300021761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300022195"},{"volume-title":"The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So\u2010Called Psychopathic Personality","year":"1988","author":"Cleckley H.","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.043042"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/macrocq","article-title":"Milestones in the history of personality disorders","volume":"15","author":"Crocq M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"volume-title":"Personality Disorder: No Longer a Diagnosis of Exclusion \u2013 Policy Implementation Guidance for the Development of Services for People with Personality Disorder","year":"2003","author":"DoH","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1"},{"volume-title":"Personality Disorder Capabilities Framework: Breaking the Cycle of Rejection","year":"2003","author":"DoH","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1"},{"volume-title":"The Mental Health Bill: Plans to Amend the Mental Health Act","year":"2006","author":"DoH","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1"},{"volume-title":"Recognising Complexity: Commissioning Guidance for Personality Disorder Services","year":"2009","author":"DoH","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1"},{"volume-title":"Consultation on the Offender Personality Disorder Implementation Plan","year":"2011","author":"DoH & NOMS","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1"},{"volume-title":"Response to the Offender Personality Disorder Consultation","year":"2011","author":"DoH & NOMS","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Dunn J.(2016)Drug addict convicted of murdering Lin and Megan Russell could be cleared if a shoelace left at the scene is tested for DNA Daily Mail Online 11 July. Available athttp:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-3684706\/Drug-addict-convicted-murdering-Lin-Megan-Russell-cleared-shoelace-left-scene-tested-DNA.html(Last accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0170840612448155"},{"volume-title":"Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason","year":"1965","author":"Foucault M.","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137338020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1741659007087270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198256779.001.0001","volume-title":"Grendon: A Study of a Therapeutic Prison","author":"Genders E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400821686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1bzfp1z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.26.2.65"},{"volume-title":"Personality, People and Pathology, PowerPoint, Department of Health","year":"2005","author":"Haigh R.","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"Hansard(1999)Severe personality disorders House of Commons debate Hansard Official Report 15 February 1999 columns 601\u201313. Available athttp:\/\/www.publications.parliament.uk\/(Last accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"volume-title":"Managing Dangerous People with Severe Personality Disorder: Proposals for policy development","year":"1999","author":"Home Office","key":"e_1_2_8_39_1"},{"volume-title":"Justice for All","year":"2002","author":"Home Office","key":"e_1_2_8_40_1"},{"volume-title":"Forensic Personality Disorder: Medium Secure and Community Pilot Services","year":"2005","author":"Home Office","key":"e_1_2_8_41_1"},{"volume-title":"Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD): High Secure Services for Men","year":"2005","author":"Home Office","key":"e_1_2_8_42_1"},{"volume-title":"Prison Population Statistics: Briefing Paper (SN\/SG\/04334)","year":"2016","author":"House of Commons","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Challenges in the treatment of dangerous and severe personality disorder","volume":"13","author":"Howells K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"APT"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Therapeutic Discipline?","volume":"1","author":"Jefferson A.M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reflections on the penetration of sites of control by therapeutic discourse, Outlines"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PSAQ.0000031797.74295.f8"},{"volume-title":"Mental Health Policy and Practice","year":"2010","author":"Lester H.","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.190.5.s8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.6.489.25356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11346935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038508099101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095269519400700302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7218.1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","unstructured":"2016 NHS Digital Inpatients formally detained in hospitals under the Mental Health Act 1983 ad patients subject to supervised community treatment"},{"volume-title":"Antisocial Personality Disorder: Treatment, Management and Prevention","year":"2009","author":"NICE","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1"},{"volume-title":"Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management","year":"2009","author":"NICE","key":"e_1_2_8_58_1"},{"volume-title":"The offender personality disorder pathway strategy 2015","year":"2015","author":"NOMS and NHS","key":"e_1_2_8_59_1"},{"volume-title":"Brochure of offender personality disorder services for men","year":"2015","author":"NOMS and NHS","key":"e_1_2_8_60_1"},{"volume-title":"Brochure of offender personality disorder services for women","year":"2015","author":"NOMS and NHS","key":"e_1_2_8_61_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007511032050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764004043146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2011.01404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312712457722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230125289"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/030557309X411282"},{"volume-title":"Indefinitely Maybe? How the indeterminate sentence for public protection is unjust and unsustainable","year":"2007","author":"PRT","key":"e_1_2_8_68_1"},{"volume-title":"Prison: The facts","year":"2013","author":"PRT","key":"e_1_2_8_69_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","unstructured":"Rawlings B.(1998)Research on therapeutic communities in prisons: a review of the literature Report for the Prison Service London."},{"volume-title":"Enabling Environment Standards","year":"2015","author":"RCPSYCH","key":"e_1_2_8_71_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00313"},{"volume-title":"The Diseases of Personality","year":"1895","author":"Ribot T.","key":"e_1_2_8_73_1"},{"volume-title":"The Psychological Complex: Psychology, Politics and Society in England 1869\u20131939","year":"1985","author":"Rose N.","key":"e_1_2_8_74_1"},{"volume-title":"Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self","year":"1990","author":"Rose N.","key":"e_1_2_8_75_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571329.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","unstructured":"Rose N.(2001)Power in therapy: Techne and Ethos. Available athttp:\/\/www.academyanalyticarts.org\/rose2.thml(Last accessed 12 September 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9930.1990.tb00044.x"},{"volume-title":"Blurring the Boundaries: Convergence of Mental Health and Criminal Justice Policy, Legislation, Systems and Practice","year":"2010","author":"Rutherford M.","key":"e_1_2_8_79_1"},{"volume-title":"DSPD Programme, Progress Report","year":"2001","author":"Sedgewick J.","key":"e_1_2_8_80_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","unstructured":"Services(2015)Personality disorder services in the UK. Available athttp:\/\/personalitydisorder.org(Last accessed 4 December 2015)."},{"volume-title":"The Abolition of Sentences of Imprisonment for Public Protection, Parliamentary Research Briefings","year":"2013","author":"Strickland P.","key":"e_1_2_8_82_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","unstructured":"Travis A.(2012)Strasbourg judges rule indeterminate sentences unlawful The Guardian 18 September. Available athttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/law\/2012\/sep\/18\/strasbourg-judges-indeterminate-sentences-unlawful(Last accessed 27 January 2017)."},{"volume-title":"Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality","year":"2008","author":"Wacquant L.","key":"e_1_2_8_84_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822392255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0798(199722\/06)15:3<233::AID-BSL263>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"volume-title":"Innovation in Action: Review of the Effectiveness of Centrally Commissioned Community Personality Disorder Services","year":"2011","author":"Wilson L.","key":"e_1_2_8_87_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1142009"},{"volume-title":"Women and Borderline Personality Disorder: Symptoms and Stories","year":"2001","author":"Wirth\u2010Cauchon J.","key":"e_1_2_8_89_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1440783308097124"}],"container-title":["Sociology of Health &amp; Illness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1467-9566.12583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.12583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1467-9566.12583","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.12583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T23:42:36Z","timestamp":1750376556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1467-9566.12583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1467-9566.12583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9566.12583","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9889","1467-9566"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0141-9889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-9566"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}