{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:03:12Z","timestamp":1779696192133,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107\u20132410\u2013H038\u2013005\u2013MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107\u20132410\u2013H038\u2013005\u2013MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109\u20102629\u2010H\u2010038\u2010002\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109\u20102629\u2010H\u2010038\u2010002\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sociology Health &amp;amp; Illness"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Existing sociological studies of miscarriage, typically undertaken in Euro\u2010American contexts, describe its ambiguous and uncertain character, arguing that pregnancy loss puts both pregnant people and foetuses into a liminal position. Based on 28 interviews and 24 participant drawings, this paper contributes to and challenges this literature by focusing on pregnancy loss in Taiwan. Our analysis reveals three reproductive apparatuses addressing miscarriage: biomedicine, Taiwanese Chinese medicine (TCM) and folk healthcare. We show that although biomedicine is the dominant apparatus, many Taiwanese who have experienced miscarriage also visit TCM clinics and engage in folk healthcare practices, even when they do not necessarily \u2018believe\u2019 in these. We argue that both TCM and folk healthcare blame women for miscarriage, whereas biomedicine fails to acknowledge the emotional significance of this experience. Viewed together, the three reproductive apparatuses reflect both the ambiguity and uncertainty surrounding miscarriage and women's complex labour in negotiating multiple understandings of pregnancy loss. Such specificities notwithstanding, our argument highlights the importance of attending to the practices, thoughts and feelings\u2014both within and outside biomedicine\u2014of those experiencing pregnancy loss in trying to sociologically understand this common, often devastating, experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.70161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:57:58Z","timestamp":1774519078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Miscarriage Care Practices in Taiwan: Three Reproductive Apparatuses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5428-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Wen","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Humanities Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sociology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Life, Almost: Miscarriage, Misconceptions and a Search for Answers From the Brink of Motherhood","author":"Agg J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14647001241266173"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Taoist Healing Ritual in Contemporary Taiwan: An Exorcism in Baoan Temple, Taipei","volume":"1","author":"Chang H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Sinological Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"It Needs Both Visible Body and Invisible Fate to Be Cured: Symbolic Healing in Taiwanese Folk Medicine","volume":"62","author":"Chang H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Taiwan Historica"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"From Mizuko (\u6c34\u5b50) to Yingling (\u5b30\u9748): A Preliminary Exploration and Comparative Study of Memorial Rituals for Fetus and Infant Deaths in Contemporary Japanese and Taiwanese Society","volume":"17","author":"Chen H. Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Taiwan Journal of Religious Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gynecology","author":"Chen L. D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6498\/ea.2003.10(11).2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Advantage and Nursing Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Sub\u2010Health and Sickness Prevention","volume":"1","author":"Chung H. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Integrative Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","volume-title":"Williams Obstetrics. 25th Edition","author":"Cunningham F. G.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","article-title":"Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, Reveals She Had a Miscarriage","author":"Davies C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guardian"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6516\/tjtcm.200803_11(1).0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1k3nqd4.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17787-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230594180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109566.2007.01019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520918870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.1992.6.1.02a00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732303260445"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Knowing Differently: Arts\u2010Based and Collaborative Research Methods","author":"Guillemin M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature","author":"Haraway D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","unstructured":"Health Promotion Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare R.O.C (Taiwan).2024.2023 Statistics of Birth Reporting System."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Taiwan's Social Welfare Movements and Policy Impact, 2000\u20102018","author":"Hsieh S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","volume-title":"113 Lunar Calander","author":"Hsin Chu County Government Taiwan","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6498\/ea.2001.8(10).6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09612025.2016.1210955"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1k3nqd4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520340848-006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010954X.2011.01966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3178398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","volume-title":"Motherhood Lost: A Feminist Account of Pregnancy Loss in America","author":"Layne L. L.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6355\/bihpas.199609.0533"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Reproductive Medicine in Late Antiquity and Early Medieval China: Gender Discourse and the Birth of Gynecology","volume":"68","author":"Lee J.\u2010d.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6288\/TJPH2003\u201022\u201003\u201002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","unstructured":"Lin C.\u2010Y.2020.Rituals for Abortion and Miscarriage in Taiwan: Spiritual and Social Representation of the Fetus. PhD thesis. Accessed February 12 2026.https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/dissertations\u2010theses\/rituals\u2010abortion\u2010miscarriage\u2010taiwan\u2010spiritual\/docview\/2570353303\/se\u20102."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"What Can STS Do for Medical Sociology? A Symmetrical Inquiry into Social Studies of Health, Illness and Medicine","volume":"19","author":"Lin W. Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal for Studies of Science, Technology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Bring Disease Back In? Exploring Modes of Disease Objectification in Patients' Practices","author":"Lin W. Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwanese Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038026120905475"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03063127221092180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","volume-title":"Flexible Bodies: Tracking Immunity in American Culture From the Days of Polio to the Age of AIDS","author":"Martin E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20109566.2004.00393.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","unstructured":"Minister of Health and Welfare.2023.Statistics of Medical Care Institution&Hospital Utilization 2022. Accessed May 9 2025.https:\/\/dep.mohw.gov.tw\/dos\/lp\u20105103\u2010113\u2010xCat\u2010y111.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780824864774"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","unstructured":"National Health Insurance Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare.2023.Promoting a Plan to Enhance the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Maternity Care: Helping You to Have a Good Pregnancy. Accessed February 12 2026.https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/cp\u201016\u201075981\u20101.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","unstructured":"National Museum of Taiwan History. n.d. \u201cThe Foetal God (\u2018tai shen\u2019 \u80ce\u795e) in Taiwanese Childbirth Beliefs and Practices. Taiwan Women's Cultural Heritage Database.\u201dNational Museum of Taiwan History. Accessed March 8 2026.https:\/\/women.nmth.gov.tw\/?p=19305."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2979\/fab.2010.3.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","article-title":"Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan\u2019s Refreshingly Honest Facebook Post About Miscarriages","author":"Phillip A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109566.13370"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1658-5_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","unstructured":"Shi Y. F.2003.Why Didn\u2019T You Feel Upset Taiwanese Women Common Health Magazine. Accessed August 20 2024.https:\/\/www.commonhealth.com.tw\/article\/70165."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Taiwanese Moral Pioneers: The Paradox of Choice, Anxiety and Responsibility","volume":"21","author":"Shih L. W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal for Studies of Science, Technology and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58220-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164649.2024.2303160"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14647001211062733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","article-title":"Mark Zuckerberg Announces Wife Priscilla chan is Pregnant With a Baby Girl \u2010 And That the Couple Suffered Multiple Miscarriages Trying to Have a Child","author":"Spargo C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Daily Mail"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The Fetal Sedative and the Perception of \u2018Tai Shen\u2019 in the Traditional","volume":"3","author":"Sung J. S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Taiwan Historical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1k3nqd4.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvscxsbn"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Anthropological Investigation of Traditional Chinese Post\u2010Natal Care: The Interrelation Between Recuperative Function and Cultural Meaning","author":"Wong L. L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Woman\u2019s and Gender Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Treatment for Men\u2019s Infertility in the Ming Dynasty: A Case Study of Prescriptions of Heir\u2010Begetting","volume":"49","author":"Wu C. F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cheng Kung Journal of Historical Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Gender\/Sexual Politics and Subject Formation","author":"Wu C. L.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Disappearance of Clinical Factors: Knowledge Production Politics of Cesarean\u2010Section Research in Taiwan","volume":"45","author":"Wu C. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781800738850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","volume-title":"2021 Taiwan Social Change Survey Report (Round 8, Year 2)\u2019 2021 Taiwan Social Change Survey Report (Round 8, Year 2)","author":"Wu C. L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","volume-title":"Woman's Best","author":"Yahoo (Taiwan)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","volume-title":"The Research on Han Women\u2019s Pregnancy and Childbirth in Taiwan During the Japanese Ruling Period (1895\u223c1945)","author":"Zhou J. L.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","unstructured":"Zhou P. Y.2020.Duchess Meghan Revealed a Miscarriage in July Detailing the Healing Journey With Prince Harry Baby and Mother. Accessed October 29 2022https:\/\/www.mababy.com\/knowledge\u2010detail?id=11329."}],"container-title":["Sociology of Health &amp; Illness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.70161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1467-9566.70161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1467-9566.70161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T07:17:38Z","timestamp":1779693458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1467-9566.70161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1467-9566.70161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-9566.70161","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9889","1467-9566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9889","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70161"}}