{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:07:12Z","timestamp":1790255232836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["467746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["467746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sociology Health &amp; Illness"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Ontario, Canada, public health authorities can issue and enforce orders to people living with HIV (PLWH). However, how public health practitioners determine when someone's behaviours constitute \u2018significant\u2019 risk remains underexplored. We drew on assemblage theory to examine how HIV risk is co\u2010constituted through the interplay among biomedical technologies, institutional practices, legal frameworks and social discourses. We conducted 18 semi\u2010structured interviews with public health personnel and used reflexive thematic analysis. Five interrelated themes emerged. First, high viral load was considered a potential risk indicator when associated with high\u2010risk activities. Second, discontinuity in HIV care may flag individuals for intervention. Third, co\u2010infection with sexually transmissible and blood\u2010borne infections (STBBI) triggered a viral load review to assess HIV exposure potential. Fourth, noncompliance with public health directives positioned PLWH as needing management. Fifth, Undetectable\u00a0=\u00a0Untransmittable (U\u00a0=\u00a0U) discourses have reconfigured and neutralised risk, functioning as a technology of reflexive governance. However, uptake of U\u00a0=\u00a0U was described as uneven across Ontario's public health units, leading to variable, and sometimes coercive, approaches. By conceptualising HIV risk as emergent, this study challenges individualised notions of responsibility and highlights the relational production of risk. Adoption of U\u00a0=\u00a0U and equity\u2010based public health practices is needed to ensure nonpunitive HIV responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:50:49Z","timestamp":1782190249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018It's Primarily Around Their Viral Load\u2019: Public Health Decision\u2010Making and HIV Risk Assemblages in Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2024-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerich","family":"Daroya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Politics, Media and Philosophy La Trobe University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology Concordia University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Legal Studies University of Waterloo  Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kr\u00fcsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminology Simon Fraser University  Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Molldrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Population Health The University of Texas Medical Branch  Galveston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Owino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environment and Urban Change York University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Peck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV &amp; AIDS Legal Clinic Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Wah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV &amp; AIDS Legal Clinic Ontario  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460715579132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice. 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