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The paper proposes a graphical selection criterion for covariates to estimate the causal effect of a control plan. For designing the control plan, it is essential to determine both covariates that are used for control and covariates that are used for identification. The selection of covariates used for control is only constrained by the requirement that the covariates be non-descendants of a treatment variable. However, the selection of covariates used for identification is dependent on the selection of covariates used for control and is not unique. In the paper, the difference between covariates that are used for identification is evaluated on the basis of the asymptotic variance of the estimated causal effect of an effective control plan. 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