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Existing methods for this problem, each of which uses a conditioning argu- ment to eliminate the nuisance intercept, model either the missing covariate data or the missingness process. The paper compares these methods under a common likelihood framework. The semiparametric efficient estimator is identified, and a new estimator, which reduces dependence on the model for the missing covariate, is proposed. A simulation study compares the methods with respect to efficiency and robustness to model misspecification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]],"date-time":"2003-07-08T13:37:41Z","timestamp":1057671461000},"page":"711-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Likelihood Methods for Missing Covariate Data in Highly Stratified Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Rathouz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040706272646600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.1.11","article-title":"Logistic regression for two-stage case-control data","volume":"75","author":"Breslow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2023040706272646600_","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Cancer Research","author":"Breslow","year":"1980"},{"key":"2023040706272646600_","volume-title":"Analysis of Longitudinal Data","author":"Diggle","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023040706272646600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.2.277","article-title":"Conditional likelihood and unconditional optimum estimating equations","volume":"63","author":"Godambe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2023040706272646600_","volume-title":"Econometric Analysis","author":"Greene","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023040706272646600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176346155","article-title":"Efficiency of the conditional score in a mixture setting","volume":"11","author":"Lindsay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. 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