{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T07:38:09Z","timestamp":1764747489098,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Milbank Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:caption>\n                          <jats:title>Policy Points<\/jats:title>\n                        <\/jats:caption>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Among patients with chronic noncancer pain, state medical cannabis laws did not impact health care use for opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>There were no changes in health care use for opioid overdose attributable to medical cannabis laws.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Medical cannabis laws do not appear to lead to reductions in adverse opioid\u2010related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <\/jats:list>\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>State medical cannabis laws, currently in place in 39 states and Washington, DC, provide an avenue for therapeutic use of cannabis to manage chronic noncancer pain stemming from conditions such as arthritis and low back pain. These laws may also influence cannabis and opioid addiction and overdose, for example, if people substitute cannabis in place of opioids to manage pain. No studies, to our knowledge, have examined how state medical cannabis laws influence health care use related to addiction to or overdose from cannabis or opioids among people with chronic noncancer pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a difference\u2010in\u2010differences design and augmented synthetic control analyses comparing changes in cannabis use disorder (CUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and cannabis and opioid overdose\u2010related health care use before and after medical cannabis law implementation among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic noncancer pain in seven states (Florida, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania) relative to changes in outcomes over the same period in 17 comparison states (Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) without medical cannabis laws.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      State medical cannabis laws had an estimated average effect of less than 0.005 percentage points on the overall proportion of patients receiving any CUD or OUD treatment, less than 0.009 percentage points on the proportion of patients newly initiating CUD or OUD treatment, and less than 0.0005 percentage points on the proportion of patients receiving overdose\u2010related health care for cannabis or opioid overdoses (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05 for all findings).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study did not identify effects of state medical cannabis laws on health care use related to CUD or OUD treatment or overdose among Medicare beneficiaries younger than age 65 years with chronic noncancer pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.70052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1757328333000},"page":"411-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Impact of Medical Cannabis Laws on Cannabis and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment and Overdose\u2010Related Health Care Utilization Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5095-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma E.","family":"McGinty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College and Cornell Health Policy Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradhyumna","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College and Cornell Health Policy Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christie Lee","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College and Cornell Health Policy Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Seewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla N.","family":"Tormohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College and Cornell Health Policy Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"State medical cannabis laws.National Conference of State Legislatures. 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