{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:55:47Z","timestamp":1791262547083,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Milbank Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"box\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:caption>\n                          <jats:title>Policy Points<\/jats:title>\n                        <\/jats:caption>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Negative vicarious health care experiences circulating within communities can significantly erode systemic trust, while positive experiences can help rebuild it.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Health systems should actively monitor the narratives circulating within distinct community networks, treating patterns of negative shared experiences as early signals of eroding institutional trust that warrant a proactive organizational response.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Investing in the quality of patient\u2013provider relationships could be a concrete lever for institutional trust resilience: strong provider relationships buffer individuals\u2014including those in historically marginalized communities\u2014against the corrosive effects of negative systemic narratives circulating in their networks.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:list-item>\n                              <jats:p>Health systems should invest in creating structured opportunities for patients to share their positive care experiences, ensuring that these voices reach community networks where trust has been hardest to build and where authentic accounts of respectful, equitable care are currently underrepresented.<\/jats:p>\n                            <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <\/jats:list>\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trust in the US health care system has declined substantially in recent years, threatening patient engagement, care outcomes, and health policy effectiveness. While prior research confirms that direct personal experiences with providers shape trust, questions remain about the influence of vicarious experiences\u2014the health care stories shared by family members, friends, and community networks. This gap is particularly consequential in the United States, where structural inequalities have created distinct collective memories and expectations that circulate within racial and ethnic communities. This study addresses this gap by examining how the emotional valence (positive or negative) and racial identity of the narrators influence trust in the US health care system, with attention to variation by respondents\u2019 race and baseline trust in their own provider.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a 2\u00d72 between\u2010subjects online survey experiment with 1,042 US adults. The sample was demographically representative by age, education, and gender, and evenly divided between non\u2010Hispanic White and non\u2010Hispanic Black participants. Respondents were randomly assigned to eight brief vignettes that varied in two dimensions: (1) emotional valence (predominantly positive vs. predominantly negative) and (2) narrators\u2019 racial identity (majority in\u2010group vs. majority out\u2010group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find that vicarious experiences significantly affect trust in the US health care system\u2014but not uniformly. Non\u2010Hispanic White participants were not affected by in\u2010group experiences and responded to out\u2010group accounts, while the contrary held for non\u2010Hispanic Blacks. Trust in one's own doctor moderated these effects: strong patient\u2013provider relationships buffered individuals from the impact of systemic stories, whereas low provider trust heightened susceptibility to narrative influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the role of collective narratives in shaping systemic trust and highlight new avenues for its strengthening among diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:57:40Z","timestamp":1779364660000},"page":"793-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trust Through Others\u2019 Eyes: An Experiment on How Vicarious Health Care Experiences Shape System Trust"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"SILVIA","family":"CANNAS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute of International Studies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-0412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MARIA","family":"CUCCINIELLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Political Science, Dondena Centre for Research in Social Dynamics and Public Policy Bocconi University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Hendricks\u2010SturrupR.Health systems must take action to achieve trustworthiness.Health Affairs. 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