{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:55:42Z","timestamp":1791262542132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001881"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Milbank Quarterly"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"\n \n \n \n \n Policy Points<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:caption>\n \n \n \n Acute dietary switching from ultra\u2010processed food to minimally processed food elicits no physiological withdrawal, a key indicator that people rely on ultra\u2010processed foods for reasons other than food addiction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n France and Japan are countries with low adult obesity prevalence attributable to agricultural and school nutrition policies that encourage greater consumer reliance on a diversity of fiber\u2010rich, polyphenol\u2010rich, minimally processed foods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Traditional, high\u2010fiber dietary patterns optimize gut\u2010microbiota function, elevating the biological precursors required for the natural expression of the satiety hormone glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Public health progress in reducing US obesity prevalence will be more effectively achieved by subsidizing and expanding consumer access to whole foods than from efforts to prevent the food industry from making their ultra\u2010processed food products hyperpalatable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Context<\/jats:title>\n In this commentary, we applaud Gearhardt and colleagues\u2019 focus on the negative health effects of consuming ultra\u2010processed foods but suggest that the bigger dietary contributor to obesity risk is American consumers\u2019 lack of access to a diverse range of gut microbiota\u2010accessible foods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We cite scientific literature supportive of the health benefits of consuming fiber\u2010rich, polyphenol\u2010rich, minimally processed plant foods, which are more likely to provide substrate to one's commensal gut microbes than would consuming ultra\u2010processed foods. We also cite results from randomized, controlled feeding studies showing that study participants who were switched from an ultra\u2010processed food condition to a minimally processed food condition did not report withdrawal symptoms or evidence of tolerance, thereby undermining Gearhardt and colleagues\u2019 thesis that consumers\u2019 overconsumption of calories could be attributed to the addictiveness of ultra\u2010processed foods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n We cite scientific literature illustrating the health benefits of consuming traditional dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern, which feature a diversity of fiber\u2010rich, polyphenol\u2010rich, minimally processed foods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We conclude that government agricultural and educational policies that increase consumer access to gut microbiota\u2010accessible foods may be a more effective long\u2010term approach to reducing nutrition\u2010related chronic diseases than policies that limit the ability of the food industry to increase the hyper\u2010palatability of ultra\u2010processed foods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T08:40:15Z","timestamp":1784364015000},"page":"930-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Food Industry Engineering Is Less Important Than Access to Gut Microbiota\u2010Accessible Foods for Preventing Chronic Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8296-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WILLIAM J.","family":"MCCARTHY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health<\/i> University of California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5156-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DARREN","family":"LOV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding School of Public Health<\/i> University of California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FREDERICK","family":"FERGUSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine<\/i> University of California Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468\u20100009.70066"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114518000909"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2022.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15050812"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201067701\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668\u2010019\u201000281\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179366"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201057724\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866\u2010025\u201004170\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.108213"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571\u2010015\u20100473\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1557466012037527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"NoguchiY.What the U.S. could learn from Japan about making healthy living easier. NPR. August 6 2023.1\u201019.https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health\u2010shots\/2023\/08\/06\/1190900066\/japanese\u2010food\u2010diet\u2010healthy\u2010eating"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00031\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","volume-title":"U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health","author":"Woolf SH","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The Milbank Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1468-0009.70111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1468-0009.70111","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1468-0009.70111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:26:05Z","timestamp":1791260765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1468-0009.70111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1468-0009.70111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.70111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-378X","1468-0009"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-378X","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-0009","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}