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In this paper, using data from two waves of a cross\u2010national survey, we investigate what affects European Muslims\u2019 opinions about Western governments. We find that residential segregation is associated with perceived hostility of Western governments to Islam. Further, we find that Muslims living in segregated neighbourhoods and enclaves have a higher probability of believing that Western governments are hostile to Islam. National origins of Muslim immigrants have a significant impact, with people from African countries measuring less perceived hostility than others. We also find that education is associated with perceived hostility of Western governments to Islam in a non\u2010linear way. People with the highest and lowest levels of education tend to be less likely to believe that Western governments are hostile to Islam, relative to people with mid\u2010level education. This non\u2010linear effect is best explained by education\u2019s differential effects on perceptions of key world events. During the time between 2011 \u2013 before ISIS\u2019s announcement of its Caliphate in Iraq and Syria \u2013 and 2013, subsequent to that announcement, we see a sharp decrease in perception of Western governments\u2019 hostility to Islam, particularly among more educated European Muslims. We make the case that this decrease can be attributed, in some ways, to the emergence of ISIS. 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