{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:04:44Z","timestamp":1790838284637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,12]],"date-time":"2002-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1015891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychology Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study examines differences between children (ages 3 to 6 years) who have the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) with or without attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD alone, and a nonODD\/ADHD comparison group. Parent (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    =595) and teacher (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    =538) ratings were obtained for children attending the same community early childhood programs and for youngsters evaluated in an outpatient clinic (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    =224) using a DSM\u2010IV\u2010referenced rating scale.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Differences between symptom groups varied depending on how they were configured (teacher versus parent ratings) and setting (clinic versus community). In general, the ODD+ADHD group received the highest (and the comparison group the lowest) ratings of severity for the symptoms of other disorders, difficulties with peers, and developmental deficits. Moreover, the clinical impact of comorbidity was largely additive. Differences between youngsters with ODD versus ADHD symptoms were most apparent for teacher\u2010defined groups in the community sample and parent\u2010defined groups in the clinic sample.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Collectively, these findings provide preliminary evidence for the notion that ODD and ADHD may constitute distinct clinical entities in preschool\u2010aged children and suggest that informant may be an important consideration in the formulation of diagnostic criteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T23:34:49Z","timestamp":1047425689000},"page":"191-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Differences between preschool children with ODD, ADHD, and ODD+ADHD symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Gadow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith E.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","unstructured":"Achenbach T.M.(1991a).Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201018 and 1991 Profile. 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Gadow K.D. Nolan E.E. &Kelly K.(2001). A DSM\u2010IV\u2010referenced screening instrument for preschool children: The Early Childhood Inventory\u20104. 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