{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1783571564588,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the incidence and risk factors of psychological intimate partner violence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPV<\/jats:styled-content>) during pregnancy and the first year after childbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine primary care centers in the Valencia Region (Spain).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A consecutive sample of 1400 women in the first trimester of pregnancy, attending the prenatal programme in the Valencia Region of Spain in 2008, with follow\u2010up in the third trimester of pregnancy, and at 5 and 12\u00a0months postpartum. A total of 888 women (66.5%) participated in all four phases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A logistic regression model was fitted using generalised estimating equations to assess the effects of previous partner violence, consumption of alcohol or illicit drugs and social support on subsequent psychological partner violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPV<\/jats:styled-content> during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed an increase in the incidence of psychological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPV<\/jats:styled-content> after birth, particularly at 5\u00a0months postpartum. The strongest predictor of psychological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPV<\/jats:styled-content> was having experienced abuse 12\u00a0months before pregnancy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 10.46, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.40\u201345.61). Other predictors were consumption of alcohol or illicit drugs by the partner or a family member (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>3.50, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.38\u20138.85) and lack of affective social support (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>2.83, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31\u20136.11).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous abuse and psychosocial risk factors predict partner psychological abuse after birth. Monitoring psychological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPV<\/jats:styled-content> and effective interventions are needed not only during pregnancy but also during the postpartum period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T00:33:44Z","timestamp":1354149224000},"page":"576-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Personal and psychosocial predictors of psychological abuse by partners during and after pregnancy: a longitudinal cohort study in a community sample"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Escrib\u00e0\u2010Ag\u00fcir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research (Inequality Health Area) Valencia Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Royo\u2010Marqu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research (Inequality Health Area) Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Artazcoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Romito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Trieste Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Ruiz\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian School of Public Health Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Baena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research (Inequality Health Area) Valencia Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003727-199801000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217503261080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Physical abuse during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"160","author":"Muhajarine N","year":"1999","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Physical abuse in pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Stewart DE","year":"1993","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90039-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.4.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.067744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1581"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-007-9112-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Incidence of postpartum abuse in women with a history of abuse during pregnancy","volume":"151","author":"Stewart DE","year":"1994","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2007.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08521-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del instrumento \u201cAbuse Assessment Screen\u201d de detecci\u00f3n precoz de violencia contra las mujeres [validity of abuse assessment screen instrument for early detection of violence against women]","volume":"23","author":"Escrib\u00e0\u2010Ag\u00fcir V","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gac Sanit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480230068030","article-title":"Assessing for abuse during pregnancy. 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