{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:14:29Z","timestamp":1792880069978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare maternal complications and infant outcomes for women undergoing elective caesarean sections based on a maternal request and without recorded medical indication with those of women who underwent spontaneous onset of labour with the intention to have a vaginal birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective register study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sweden; Medical Birth Register used for data collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study of 5877 birth records of women undergoing caesarean sections without medical indication and a control group of 13\u00a0774 women undergoing births through spontaneous onset of labour. The control group was further divided into women who actually had a vaginal birth and women who ended up with an emergency caesarean section.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal complications occurred more frequently among women undergoing caesarean section with odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) for bleeding complications of 2.5 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.1\u20133.0) in the elective caesarean group and 2.0 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.5\u20132.6) in the emergency caesarean group. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> for infections was 2.6 in both groups. Breastfeeding complications were most common in women having an elective caesarean section: 6.8 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.2\u201314.5). Infant outcomes showed a higher incidence of respiratory distress with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of 2.7 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.8\u20133.9) in the elective caesarean section group compared with infants born by emergency caesarean section. The risk of hypoglycaemia was at least twice as high for infants in the caesarean group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caesarean sections without medical indication as well as emergency caesarean sections were associated with higher risks for maternal and infant morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T14:22:20Z","timestamp":1358259740000},"page":"479-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Maternal and infant outcome after caesarean section without recorded medical indication: findings from a Swedish case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Karlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science Mid Sweden University Sundsvall 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