{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:48:10Z","timestamp":1757702890310},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To obtain estimates of the rates of occurrence and spontaneous resolution of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding, and investigate any association with underlying malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010year prospective cohort study with medical record review during the survey period, and for the subsequent 2\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven general practices with 67\u00a0100 registered patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>All women aged 40\u201354\u00a0years on the practices age\u2013sex registers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline postal questionnaire, with follow\u2010up questionnaires sent to naturally menstruating respondents at 6, 12, 18 and 24\u00a0months. Medical record review using computerised searches from baseline to 48\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence and incidence of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding, and rate of spontaneous resolution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7121 baseline questionnaires were sent out, with an initial response rate of 66%. A total of 2104 naturally menstruating women were recruited for the prospective cohort study. The 2\u2013year cumulative incidence of intermenstrual bleeding was 24% (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 21\u201327%), and that of postcoital bleeding was 7.7% (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 6.2\u20139.5%). The rates of spontaneous resolution without recurrence for 2\u00a0years were 37% (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 29\u201345) and 51% (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 40\u201362), respectively. Of the 785 women identified with intermenstrual and\/or postcoital bleeding, only one developed uterine cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a high prevalence, incidence, and spontaneous rate of resolution of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding in naturally menstruating women during the perimenopausal years. The association of these symptoms with malignancy is weak. This is of importance to women in deciding when to consult and to those devising public health campaigns concerning symptoms of possible oncological significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T15:25:11Z","timestamp":1364311511000},"page":"1348-1355","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The epidemiology of self\u2010reported intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding in the perimenopausal years"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Shapley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Sciences Research Centre Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Blagojevic\u2010Bucknall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Sciences Research Centre Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KP","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Sciences Research Centre Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PR","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Sciences Research Centre Keele University Staffordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-8258(85)90211-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Carcinoma of cervix. 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