{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:45:26Z","timestamp":1791398726412,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate time trends in preterm birth in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>urope by multiplicity, gestational age, and onset of delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of aggregate data from routine sources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live births in 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual risk ratios of preterm birth in each country were estimated with year as a continuous variable for all births and by subgroup using log\u2010binomial regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall preterm birth rate and rate by multiplicity, gestational age group, and spontaneous versus non\u2010spontaneous (induced or prelabour caesarean section) onset of labour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth rates rose in most countries, but the magnitude of these increases varied. Rises in the multiple birth rate as well as in the preterm birth rate for multiple births contributed to increases in the overall preterm birth rate. About half of countries experienced no change or decreases in the rates of singleton preterm birth. Where preterm birth rates rose, increases were no more prominent at 35\u201336\u00a0weeks of gestation than at 32\u201334\u00a0weeks of gestation. Variable trends were observed for spontaneous and non\u2010spontaneous preterm births in the 13 countries with mode of onset data; increases were not solely attributed to non\u2010spontaneous preterm births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a wide variation in preterm birth trends in European countries. Many countries maintained or reduced rates of singleton preterm birth over the past 15\u00a0years, challenging a widespread belief that rising rates are the norm. Understanding these cross\u2010country differences could inform strategies for the prevention of preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]],"date-time":"2013-05-24T04:24:45Z","timestamp":1369369485000},"page":"1356-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":274,"title":["Preterm birth time trends in Europe: a study of 19 countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 953 Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal and Women's and Children's Health Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Szamotulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology National Research Institute of Mother and Child Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Drewniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 953 Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal and Women's and Children's Health Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AD","family":"Mohangoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Child Health TNO Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Services Division NHS National Services Scotland Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Sakkeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Institute for Population Studies Tallinn University Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Irgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Medical Birth Registry of Norway Norwegian Institute of Public Health Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Information and Research National Obstetric Information Systems (NOIS) Register G'Mangia Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information THL National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Nordic School of Public Health Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMRS 953 Epidemiological Research Unit on Perinatal and Women's and Children's Health Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Euro\u2010Peristat Preterm Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"EURO\u2010PERISTAT project in collaboration with SCPE EUROCAT and EURONEOSTAT. 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