{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:40:33Z","timestamp":1787751633804,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess whether the risk of vulvodynia is associated with previous use of oral contraceptives (\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Longitudinal population\u2010based study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n \n Four counties in south\u2010east\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n ichigan,\n USA<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n A population\u2010based sample of women, aged 18\u00a0years and older, enrolled using random\u2010digit dialling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Enrolled women completed surveys that included information on demographic characteristics, health status, current symptoms, past and present\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use, and a validated screen for vulvodynia. The temporal relationship between\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use and subsequent symptoms of vulvodynia was assessed using Cox regression, with\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n exposure modelled as a time\u2010varying covariate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n Vulvodynia, as determined by validated screen.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Women aged <50\u00a0years who provided data on\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use, completed all questions required for the vulvodynia screen, and had first sexual intercourse prior to the onset of vulvodynia symptoms were eligible (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0906). Of these, 71.2% (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0645) had used\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. The vulvodynia screen was positive in 8.2% (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a074) for current vulvodynia and in 20.8% (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a0188) for past vulvodynia. Although crude cross\u2010tabulation suggested that women with current or past vulvodynia were less likely to have been exposed to\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n s prior to the onset of pain (60.7%), compared with those without this disorder (69.3%), the Cox regression analysis identified no association between vulvodynia and previous\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a01.08, 95%\u00a0\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.81\u20131.43,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\u00a00.60). This null finding persisted after controlling for ethnicity, marital status, educational level, duration of use, and age at first\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n For women aged <50\u00a0years of age,\n OC<\/jats:styled-content>\n use did not increase the risk of subsequent vulvodynia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T03:35:11Z","timestamp":1376364911000},"page":"1678-1684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Oral contraceptive use and risk of vulvodynia: a population\u2010based longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"BD","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SD","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LJ","family":"Legocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ME","family":"Helmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HK","family":"Haefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BW","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318180965b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"A population\u2010based assessment of chronic unexplained vulvar pain: have we underestimated the prevalence of vulvodynia?","volume":"58","author":"Harlow BL","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e318168e73d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: an exploratory case\u2010control study","volume":"83","author":"Bazin S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Influence of oral contraceptive use on the risk of adult\u2010onset vulvodynia","volume":"53","author":"Harlow BL","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis in the north of Sweden. An epidemiologic case\u2010control study","volume":"42","author":"Sjoberg I","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940210134040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chronic vulvar and other gynecologic pain: prevalence and characteristics in a self\u2010reported survey","volume":"51","author":"Bachmann G","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000237102.70485.5d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.810809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Effect of test order on sensitivity in vulvodynia","volume":"52","author":"Reed BD","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1995.4.677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02597.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.1032"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.12407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T13:53:33Z","timestamp":1696341213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.12407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12407","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-06-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}